Advancing Open Science
for more than 25 years
Supporting academic communities
since 1996
 
14 pages, 4079 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Correlation Analysis for Predicting Current Transformer Errors in Smart Grids
by Yao Zhong, Tengbin Li, Krzysztof Przystupa, Cong Lin, Guangrun Yang, Sen Yang, Orest Kochan and Jaros?aw Sikora
Energies 2024, 17(7), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071608 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The online calibration method for current transformers is an important research direction in the field of smart grids. This article constructs a transformer error prediction model based on spatiotemporal integration. This model draws inspiration from the structure of forgetting gates in gated loop [...] Read more.
The online calibration method for current transformers is an important research direction in the field of smart grids. This article constructs a transformer error prediction model based on spatiotemporal integration. This model draws inspiration from the structure of forgetting gates in gated loop units and combines it with a graph convolutional network (GCN) that is good at capturing the spatial relationships within the graph attention network to construct an adaptive GCN. The spatial module formed by this adaptive GCN is used to model the spatial relationships in the circuit network, and the attention mechanism and gated time convolutional network are combined to form a time module to learn the temporal relationships in the circuit network. The layer that combines the time and space modules is used, which consists of a gating mechanism for spatiotemporal fusion, and a transformer error prediction model based on a spatiotemporal correlation analysis is constructed. Finally, it is verified on a real power grid operation dataset, and compared with the existing prediction methods to analyze its performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
19 pages, 13345 KiB  
Article
Effect of Water Absorption and Stacking Sequences on the Tensile Properties and Damage Mechanisms of Hybrid Polyester/Glass/Jute Composites
by Rudá Aranha, Mario A. Albuquerque Filho, Cícero de L. Santos, Tony Herbert F. de Andrade, Viviane M. Fonseca, Jose Luis Valin Rivera, Marco A. dos Santos, Antonio G. B. de Lima, Wanderley F. de Amorim, Jr. and Laura H. de Carvalho
Polymers 2024, 16(7), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16070925 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of polyester/glass fiber/jute fiber hybrid composites obtained using the compression molding and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) techniques with different stacking sequences. For [...] Read more.
The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of polyester/glass fiber/jute fiber hybrid composites obtained using the compression molding and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) techniques with different stacking sequences. For this purpose, the mechanical behavior under tensile stress of the samples was evaluated before and after hygrothermal aging at different temperatures: TA, 50 °C, and 70 °C for a period of 696 h. The damage mechanism after the mechanical tests was evaluated using SEM analysis. The results showed a tendency for the mechanical properties of the composites to decrease with exposure to an aqueous ambient, regardless of the molding technique used to conform the composites. It was also observed that the stacking sequence had no significant influence on the dry composites. However, exposure to the aqueous ambient led to a reduction in mechanical properties, both for the molding technique and the stacking sequence. Damage such as delamination, fiber pull-out, fiber/matrix detachment, voids, and matrix removal were observed in the composites in the SEM analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials III)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
11 pages, 4743 KiB  
Article
Accumulation Assessment of Mo4+, Pb++, and Cu++ in the Acidic Water of Copper Mines with Lemna minor and Lemna gibba
by Nevin Konakci
Water 2024, 16(7), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16070975 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Pollutants accumulate in aquatic habitats due to mining activities. The duckweed family includes water plants such as Lemna gibba and Lemna minor, which are tiny, delicate, free-floating aquatic plants. L. minor and L. gibba were used in this study to examine the [...] Read more.
Pollutants accumulate in aquatic habitats due to mining activities. The duckweed family includes water plants such as Lemna gibba and Lemna minor, which are tiny, delicate, free-floating aquatic plants. L. minor and L. gibba were used in this study to examine the accumulation capacities of Mo4+, Pb++, and Cu++ in acidic fluids from copper mining. Two reactors were assigned to L. gibba and L. minor, respectively. These plants and the reactor water were gathered daily for 8 days. Acid mine water pH, temperature, and electric conductivity were also tested daily. L. gibba and L. minor were cleaned, dehydrated, and burned in a drying oven for a whole day at 300 °C. ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) was used to determine the Mo4+, Pb++, and Cu++ content of the plant and water samples. The Mo, Pb, and Cu concentrations in the copper mining acidic fluids were 30 ± 4, 260 ± 12, and 15,535 ± 322 μg L−1, respectively. Regarding Mo, Pb, and Cu extraction from copper mining acidic fluids, L. gibba and L. minor performed more efficiently than control samples, gathering 29 and 177 times more Mo, 30 and 109 times more Pb, and 495 and 1150 times more Cu, respectively. Considering these findings, L. gibba and L. minor are good plants for rehabilitating polluted waters and can efficiently remove Mo, Pb, and Cu from acid mine fluids. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
20 pages, 2274 KiB  
Article
Optimal Timing Strategies in the Evolutionary Dynamics of Competitive Supply Chains
by Yongjae Kim
Systems 2024, 12(4), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12040114 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the dynamics of endogenous order placement timing among competing retailers within a single period, driven by the evolution of demand-forecast information. Despite the critical role of accurate market trends and demand forecasts in determining firm success during selling seasons, the [...] Read more.
This study investigates the dynamics of endogenous order placement timing among competing retailers within a single period, driven by the evolution of demand-forecast information. Despite the critical role of accurate market trends and demand forecasts in determining firm success during selling seasons, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of how firms strategically adjust their order timing with imperfect and evolving information landscapes. By leveraging resources such as predictive analytics systems operated by big data and social media, firms tend to enhance their market demand precision as the selling season approaches, aligning with market practices. With this background, we aim to address the strategic behaviors of competing retailers in timing their orders, filling the aforementioned research gap. We construct a non-cooperative game-theoretical model to analyze the strategic behaviors of competing retailers in timing their orders. The model incorporates factors such as imperfect and evolving information landscapes, considering how firms leverage resources to enhance their market demand precision as the selling season approaches. Our analysis shows two primary equilibria, each shedding light on distinct strategic choices and their implications. First, the better-informed firm decides to execute early orders, capitalizing on the first mover’s advantage, particularly when initial information imprecision exceeds a specific threshold. Conversely, a second equilibrium emerges when the better-informed firm delays its orders, yielding the first mover’s advantage to the less-informed competitor. These equilibria highlight the correlation between order timing strategies and the trajectory of information evolution within the competitive landscape. Additionally, our study extends beyond equilibrium analysis to investigate these strategic choices on supply-chain performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Supply Chain Management)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 2778 KiB  
Article
Photothermal Performance of Lignin-Based Nanospheres and Their Applications in Water Surface Actuators
by Mingshan Wen, Hang Wang, Bole Ma and Fuquan Xiong
Polymers 2024, 16(7), 927; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16070927 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
In this study, the photothermal performance of lignin-based nanospheres was investigated. Subsequently, a photothermal actuator was prepared using lignin-based carbon nanospheres (LCNSs). The results demonstrated that LCNSs exhibited an impressive photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 83.8%. This extreme efficiency significantly surpasses that [...] Read more.
In this study, the photothermal performance of lignin-based nanospheres was investigated. Subsequently, a photothermal actuator was prepared using lignin-based carbon nanospheres (LCNSs). The results demonstrated that LCNSs exhibited an impressive photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 83.8%. This extreme efficiency significantly surpasses that of lignin nanospheres (LNSs) and covalently stabilized LNSs (HT-LNSs). As a structural material, a hydrophobic coating was effectively engineered by LCNSs on the filter paper, achieving a water contact angle of 151.9° ± 4.6°, while maintaining excellent photothermal effects (with a temperature increment from room temperature to 138 °C in 2 s). When employing hydrophobic filter paper as the substrate for the photothermaldriven actuator, under the influence of a 1.0 W/cm2 power–density NIR laser, the material exhibited outstanding photothermal actuation, achieving speeds up to 16.4 mm/s. In addition, the direction of motion of the actuator can be adjusted in accordance with the location of the NIR light irradiation. This study offers valuable perspectives on the application of LNSs for highvalue applications and the development of innovative photothermal-driven actuators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
22 pages, 3521 KiB  
Review
Medical Relevance, State-of-the-Art and Perspectives of “Sweet Metacode” in Liquid Biopsy Approaches
by Andrea Pinkeova, Natalia Kosutova, Eduard Jane, Lenka Lorencova, Aniko Bertokova, Tomas Bertok and Jan Tkac
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070713 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
This review briefly introduces readers to an area where glycomics meets modern oncodiagnostics with a focus on the analysis of sialic acid (Neu5Ac)-terminated structures. We present the biochemical perspective of aberrant sialylation during tumourigenesis and its significance, as well as an analytical perspective [...] Read more.
This review briefly introduces readers to an area where glycomics meets modern oncodiagnostics with a focus on the analysis of sialic acid (Neu5Ac)-terminated structures. We present the biochemical perspective of aberrant sialylation during tumourigenesis and its significance, as well as an analytical perspective on the detection of these structures using different approaches for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We also provide a comparison to other established liquid biopsy approaches, and we mathematically define an early-stage cancer based on the overall prognosis and effect of these approaches on the patient’s quality of life. Finally, some barriers including regulations and quality of clinical validations data are discussed, and a perspective and major challenges in this area are summarised. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 3712 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Evaluation of Fluorinated Resazurin Derivatives for In Vivo Applications
by Amílcar Duque-Prata, Carlos Serpa and Pedro J. S. B. Caridade
Molecules 2024, 29(7), 1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071507 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Primarily owing to the pronounced fluorescence exhibited by its reduced form, resazurin (also known as alamarBlue®) is widely employed as a redox sensor to assess cell viability in in vitrostudies. In an effort to broaden its applicability for in vivo studies, [...] Read more.
Primarily owing to the pronounced fluorescence exhibited by its reduced form, resazurin (also known as alamarBlue®) is widely employed as a redox sensor to assess cell viability in in vitrostudies. In an effort to broaden its applicability for in vivo studies, molecular adjustments are necessary to align optical properties with the near-infrared imaging window while preserving redox properties. This study delves into the theoretical characterisation of a set of fluorinated resazurin derivatives proposed by Kachur et al., 2015 examining the influence of fluorination on structural and electrochemical properties. Assuming that the conductor-like polarisable continuum model mimics the solvent effect, the density functional level of theory combining M06-2X/6-311G* was used to calculate the redox potentials. Furthermore, (TD-)DFT calculations were performed with PBE0/def2-TZVP to evaluate nucleophilic characteristics, transition states for fluorination, relative energies, and fluorescence spectra. With the aim of exploring the potential of resazurin fluorinated derivatives as redox sensors tailored for in vivo applications, acid–base properties and partition coefficients were calculated. The theoretical characterisation has demonstrated its potential for designing novel molecules based on fundamental principles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computational and Theoretical Chemistry)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
21 pages, 664 KiB  
Review
Food System vs. Sustainability: An Incompatible Relationship in Mexico
by Fatima Ezzahra Housni and Mariana Lares-Michel
Sustainability 2024, 16(7), 2811; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072811 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The Mexican food system has suffered deep transformations due to multiple technological advances and political and free trade agreements, transiting from a food system for self-consumption to a system based on exports and imports that has resulted in excessive agricultural activity intensification, leading [...] Read more.
The Mexican food system has suffered deep transformations due to multiple technological advances and political and free trade agreements, transiting from a food system for self-consumption to a system based on exports and imports that has resulted in excessive agricultural activity intensification, leading to environmental deterioration. Our species’ survival will depend on our capacity to manage systems, considering all ecosystems, especially the climate and food systems. International organizations insist that sustainable food systems could be a useful strategy to address malnutrition and hunger while respecting the environment. However, the food system in Mexico needs to be connected to the environmental, social, health, and food security dimensions. Sustainability in Mexico synthesizes the contradictions of agriculture and the Mexican diet, not only in its economic and productive dimensions but also in the social and environmental ones. Public policies in all sectors of the country must be interconnected and organized to guarantee the sustainability of a system that benefits the environment and population health while respecting the related economic and social elements. This review aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the Mexican food system’s history and current situation and analyze proposals for its sustainability. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">
14 pages, 1851 KiB  
Article
Camphene as a Protective Agent in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
by Rodopi Stamatiou, Maria Anagnostopoulou, Konstantina Ioannidou-Kabouri, Chrysa Rapti and Antigone Lazou
Antioxidants 2024, 13(4), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040405 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) and the resulting heart failure is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Camphene has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties; however, its role in the protection of the heart from ischemia and reperfusion [...] Read more.
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) and the resulting heart failure is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Camphene has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties; however, its role in the protection of the heart from ischemia and reperfusion has not been investigated. The cardioprotective role of camphene and the mechanism that mediates its action against I/R injury was evaluated in the present study. A single dose of camphene was administered in adult rats prior to ex vivo I/R induction. Infarct size was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and cardiomyocyte injury was assessed by determining the release of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Camphene pretreatment provided significant protection reducing myocardial infarct size and cell death after I/R. The effect was correlated with the reduction in oxidative stress as evidenced by the determination of protein carbonylation, GSH/GSSG ratio, the increase in mitochondrial content as determined by CS activity, and the modulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms (expression of Nrf2 and target genes and activities of CAT, MnSOD, and GR). Furthermore, ferroptosis was decreased, as demonstrated by downregulation of GPx4 expression and reduction in lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that camphene can protect the heart against I/R injury by maintaining redox homeostasis and can hold therapeutic potential for mitigating the detrimental effects of I/R in the heart. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Health, 2nd Edition)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
17 pages, 3167 KiB  
Article
A High Vitamin C Micronutrient Supplement Is Unable to Attenuate Inflammation in People with Metabolic Syndrome but May Improve Metabolic Health Indices: A Randomised Controlled Trial
by Emma Vlasiuk, Masuma Zawari, Rebekah Whitehead, Jonathan Williman and Anitra C. Carr
Antioxidants 2024, 13(4), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040404 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a characteristic of people with metabolic syndrome and is thought to contribute to the condition progressing to the more severe type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to carry out a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial in [...] Read more.
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a characteristic of people with metabolic syndrome and is thought to contribute to the condition progressing to the more severe type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to carry out a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial in people with metabolic syndrome to determine if supplementation with a micronutrient formula containing 1000 mg/d vitamin C could attenuate inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome. We recruited 72 adults aged a median of 52 years with metabolic syndrome, defined as obesity (based on waist circumference or BMI), and at least two of hyperglycaemia, raised triglycerides, lowered HDL cholesterol, hypertension, or taking medications for these conditions. A further inclusion criteria comprised C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations ≥ 3 mg/L, i.e., high risk of CVD. The participants were randomised to daily micronutrient formula (n = 37) or matched placebo control (n = 35) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in CRP concentrations and secondary outcomes included changes in vitamin C concentrations, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα), oxidative stress marker (F2isoprostanes), glycaemic indices (glucose, insulin, HbA1c), lipid markers (triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol), anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI), insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, and metabolic severity score. The participants had a low median (Q1, Q3) vitamin C status of 29 (15, 41) µmol/L and a high proportion of hypovitaminosis C (38%) and outright deficiency (19%). Following 12 weeks of micronutrient supplementation, at least 70% of the participants reached adequate vitamin C status (≥50 µmol/L), however, there was no change in CRP concentrations relative to the placebo group (Δ−0.3 [95%CI −2.7, 2.1] mg/L, p = 0.8). Similar trends were observed for IL-6, TNFα and F2isoprostanes (p > 0.05). Instead, there were small improvements in BMI, fasting glucose and HbA1c concentrations, insulin sensitivity and metabolic severity score in the micronutrient group relative to placebo (p < 0.05). Overall, 12-week micronutrient supplementation was unable to mitigate systemic inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome but may improve several metabolic health indices. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 3314 KiB  
Article
Cocrystal Prediction Based on Deep Forest Model—A Case Study of Febuxostat
by Jiahui Chen, Zhihui Li, Yanlei Kang and Zhong Li
Crystals 2024, 14(4), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040313 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
To aid cocrystal screening, a deep forest-based cocrystal prediction model was developed in this study using data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The positive samples in the experiment came from the CSD. The negative samples were partly from the failure records in [...] Read more.
To aid cocrystal screening, a deep forest-based cocrystal prediction model was developed in this study using data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The positive samples in the experiment came from the CSD. The negative samples were partly from the failure records in other papers, and some were randomly generated according to specific rules, resulting in a total of 8576 pairs. Compared with the models of traditional machine learning methods and simple deep neural networks models, the deep forest model has better performance and faster training speed. The accuracy is about 95% on the test set. Febuxostat cocrystal screening was also tested to verify the validity of the model. Our model correctly predicted the formation of cocrystal. It shows that our model is practically useful in practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization Process and Simulation Calculation, Second Edition)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
17 pages, 5234 KiB  
Article
Redundant and Distinct Roles of Two 14-3-3 Proteins in Fusarium sacchari, Pathogen of Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease
by Yuejia Chen, Ziting Yao, Lixian Zhao, Mei Yu, Baoshan Chen and Chengwu Zou
J. Fungi 2024, 10(4), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10040257 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Fusarium sacchari, a key pathogen of sugarcane, is responsible for the Pokkah boeng disease (PBD) in China. The 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in critical developmental processes, including dimorphic transition, signal transduction, and carbon metabolism in various phytopathogenic fungi. However, their roles [...] Read more.
Fusarium sacchari, a key pathogen of sugarcane, is responsible for the Pokkah boeng disease (PBD) in China. The 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in critical developmental processes, including dimorphic transition, signal transduction, and carbon metabolism in various phytopathogenic fungi. However, their roles are poorly understood in F. sacchari. This study focused on the characterization of two 14-3-3 protein-encoding genes, FsBmh1 and FsBmh2, within F. sacchari. Both genes were found to be expressed during the vegetative growth stage, yet FsBmh1 was repressed at the sporulation stage in vitro. To elucidate the functions of these genes, the deletion mutants ΔFsBmh1 and ΔFsBmh2 were generated. The ΔFsBmh2 exhibited more pronounced phenotypic defects, such as impaired hyphal branching, septation, conidiation, spore germination, and colony growth, compared to the ΔFsBmh1. Notably, both knockout mutants showed a reduction in virulence, with transcriptome analysis revealing changes associated with the observed phenotypes. To further investigate the functional interplay between FsBmh1 and FsBmh2, we constructed and analyzed mutants with combined deletion and silencing (ΔFsBmh/siFsBmh) as well as overexpression (O-FsBmh). The combinations of ΔFsBmh1/siFsBmh2 or ΔFsBmh2/siFsBmh1 displayed more severe phenotypes than those with single allele deletions, suggesting a functional redundancy between the two 14-3-3 proteins. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays identified 20 proteins with pivotal roles in primary metabolism or diverse biological functions, 12 of which interacted with both FsBmh1 and FsBmh2. Three proteins were specifically associated with FsBmh1, while five interacted exclusively with FsBmh2. In summary, this research provides novel insights into the roles of FsBmh1 and FsBmh2 in F. sacchari and highlights potential targets for PBD management through the modulation of FsBmh functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 6591 KiB  
Article
Stochastic Optimization of an Electric Bus Dynamic Wireless Charging System
by Xingzheng Zhu, Hua Fan, Shiyao Zhang and Jiao Du
World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(4), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040137 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The Electric Bus Dynamic Wireless Charging (EB-DWC) system is a bus charging system that enables electric buses to receive power wirelessly from ground-based electromagnetic induction devices. In this system, how to optimally configure the charging infrastructures while considering the unpredictable nature of bus [...] Read more.
The Electric Bus Dynamic Wireless Charging (EB-DWC) system is a bus charging system that enables electric buses to receive power wirelessly from ground-based electromagnetic induction devices. In this system, how to optimally configure the charging infrastructures while considering the unpredictable nature of bus movement is a great challenge. This paper presents an optimization problem for an EB-DWC system in urban settings, addressing stochastic elements inherent in the vehicle speed, initial charging state, and dwell time at bus stops. We formulate a stochastic planning problem for the EB-DWC system by integrating these uncertainties and apply Monte Carlo sampling techniques to effectively solve this problem. The proposed method can improve the system’s robustness effectively. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
22 pages, 9382 KiB  
Article
Isolation, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of NAC Transcription Factor from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and Their Role in Andrographolide Production
by Ramesh Kumar, Chavlesh Kumar, Debjani Roy Choudhury, Aashish Ranjan, Ritesh Kumar Raipuria, Kaushik Kumar Dhar Dubey, Ayushi Mishra, Chetan Kumar, Malik Muzafar Manzoor, Ashok Kumar, Abha Kumari, Kuldeep Singh, Gyanendra Pratap Singh and Rakesh Singh
Genes 2024, 15(4), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15040422 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees is an important medicinal plant known for its bioactive compound andrographolide. NAC transcription factors (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) play a crucial role in secondary metabolite production, stress responses, and plant development through hormonal signaling. In this study, a [...] Read more.
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees is an important medicinal plant known for its bioactive compound andrographolide. NAC transcription factors (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) play a crucial role in secondary metabolite production, stress responses, and plant development through hormonal signaling. In this study, a putative partial transcript of three NAC family genes (ApNAC83, ApNAC21 22 and ApNAC02) was used to isolate full length genes using RACE. Bioinformatics analyses such as protein structure prediction, cis-acting regulatory elements, and gene ontology analysis were performed. Based on in silico predictions, the diterpenoid profiling of the plant’s leaves (five-week-old) and the real-time PCR-based expression analysis of isolated NAC genes under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment were performed. Additionally, the expression analysis of isolated NAC genes under MeJA treatment and transient expression in Nicotiana tabacum was performed. Full-length sequences of three members of the NAC transcription factor family, ApNAC83 (1102 bp), ApNAC21 22 (996 bp), and ApNAC02 (1011 bp), were isolated and subjected to the promoter and gene ontology analysis, which indicated their role in transcriptional regulation, DNA binding, ABA-activated signaling, and stress management. It was observed that ABA treatment leads to a higher accumulation of andrographolide and 14-deoxyandrographolide content, along with the upregulation of ApNAC02 (9.6-fold) and the downregulation of ApNAC83 and ApNAC21 22 in the leaves. With methyl jasmonate treatment, ApNAC21 22 expression decreased, while ApNAC02 increased (1.9-fold), with no significant change being observed in ApNAC83. The transient expression of the isolated NAC genes in a heterologous system (Nicotiana benthamiana) demonstrated their functional transcriptional activity, leading to the upregulation of the NtHMGR gene, which is related to the terpene pathway in tobacco. The expression analysis and heterologous expression of ApNAC21 22 and ApNAC02 indicated their role in andrographolide biosynthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomics and Genetics of Medicinal Plants)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
13 pages, 1537 KiB  
Article
Adherence to the CLOSE Protocol and Low Baseline Generator Impedance Are Independent Predictors of Durable Pulmonary Vein Isolation
by Márton Boga, Gábor Orbán, Péter Perge, Zoltán Salló, Edit Tanai, Arnold Béla Ferencz, Patrik Tóth, Ferenc Komlósi, István Osztheimer, Klaudia Vivien Nagy, Béla Merkely, László Gellér and Nándor Szegedi
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1960; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071960 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is predominantly attributed to pulmonary vein reconnection (PVR). Predictors of AF recurrence have been widely studied; however, data are scarce on procedural parameters that predict chronic PVR. We aimed to study PVR rates [...] Read more.
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is predominantly attributed to pulmonary vein reconnection (PVR). Predictors of AF recurrence have been widely studied; however, data are scarce on procedural parameters that predict chronic PVR. We aimed to study PVR rates and predictors of PVR. Methods: We retrospectively included 100 patients who underwent repeated ablation due to AF recurrence after initial PVI with the CARTO system. PVR was determined during the repeated procedure by electrophysiological evaluation, and initial procedural characteristics predicting PVR were studied, including adherence to the CLOSE protocol, use of high power, first-pass isolation (FPI), and baseline generator impedance (BGI). Results: Thirty-eight patients underwent initial CLOSE-guided PVI, and sixty-two underwent initial non-CLOSE PVI. A repeat procedure was performed 23 ± 16 months after the initial procedure. In total, PVR was found in 192 of 373 PVs (51.5%), and all PVs were isolated in 17/100 (17%) patients. Factors associated with all PVs being isolated were adherence to the CLOSE protocol, a higher power setting, the presence of bilateral FPI, and lower BGI (88% vs. 28%, p < 0.0001; 37.5 W vs. 30 W, p = 0.0276; 88.2% vs. 40.4%, p = 0.0007; and 127.6 Ω vs. 136.6 Ω, p = 0.0027, respectively). In initial procedures with adherence to the CLOSE protocol, the FPI rate was significantly higher (73.7% vs. 25%, p < 0.0001), while there were no significant differences in terms of procedure time and left atrial dwell time (81 vs. 85 min, p = 0.83; and 60 vs. 58 min, p = 0.08, respectively). BGI ≥ 130 Ω (AUC = 0.7403, sensitivity: 77.1%, specificity: 68.8%, p = 0.0032) was associated with a significantly higher probability of PVR (OR = 6.757; p < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, independent predictors for PVR were non-adherence to the CLOSE protocol and BGI ≥ 130 Ω. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that adherence to the CLOSE protocol and baseline generator impedance < 130 Ω during AF ablation are independent predictors of PVI durability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiac Electrophysiology: New Insights and Future Directions)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
36 pages, 1220 KiB  
Review
Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
by Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran, Pawe? Treichel, Marta Czarnowska, Magdalena Drozd, Kinga Koperska, Agata W?glarz, Oskar Schmidt, Samira Darwish, Bart?omiej Szymczak and Zbigniew Bartuzi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073769 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
An organism’s ability to function properly depends not solely on its diet but also on the intake of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds that exert immunomodulatory effects. This principle applies both to healthy individuals and, in particular, to those with concomitant chronic conditions, [...] Read more.
An organism’s ability to function properly depends not solely on its diet but also on the intake of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds that exert immunomodulatory effects. This principle applies both to healthy individuals and, in particular, to those with concomitant chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the current food industry and the widespread use of highly processed foods often lead to nutritional deficiencies. Numerous studies have confirmed the occurrence of immune system dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. This article elucidates the impact of specific nutrients on the immune system function, which maintains homeostasis of the organism, with a particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes. The role of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and selected substances, such as omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid, was taken into consideration, which outlined the minimum range of tests that ought to be performed on patients in order to either directly or indirectly determine the severity of malnutrition in this group of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Diabetes, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">
19 pages, 4602 KiB  
Article
Exploring Geometrical, Electronic and Spectroscopic Properties of 2-Nitroimidazole-Based Radiopharmaceuticals via Computational Chemistry Methods
by George Cri?an, ?tefan Stan and Vasile Chi?
Molecules 2024, 29(7), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071505 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia plays an important role in the clinical management and treatment planning of various cancers. The use of 2-nitroimidazole-based radiopharmaceuticals has been the most successful for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging probes, offering noninvasive means [...] Read more.
Tumor hypoxia plays an important role in the clinical management and treatment planning of various cancers. The use of 2-nitroimidazole-based radiopharmaceuticals has been the most successful for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging probes, offering noninvasive means to assess tumor hypoxia. In this study we performed detailed computational investigations of the most used compounds for PET imaging, focusing on those derived from 2-nitroimidazole: fluoromisonidazole (FMISO), fluoroazomycin arabinoside (FAZA), fluoroetanidazole (FETA), fluoroerythronitroimidazole (FETNIM) and 2-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide (EF5). Conformational analysis, structural parameters, vibrational IR and Raman properties (within both harmonic and anharmonic approximations), as well as the NMR shielding tensors and spin-spin coupling constants were obtained by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and then correlated with experimental findings, where available. Furthermore, time-dependent DFT computations reveal insight into the excited states of the compounds. Our results predict a significant change in the conformational landscape of most of the investigated compounds when transitioning from the gas phase to aqueous solution. According to computational data, the 2-nitroimidazole moiety determines to a large extent the spectroscopic properties of its derivatives. Due to the limited structural information available in the current literature for the investigated compounds, the findings presented herein deepen the current understanding of the electronic structures of these five radiopharmaceuticals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computational and Theoretical Chemistry)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
19 pages, 1506 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Nutritional and Bioactive Potential of Olive Leaf Residues: A Focus on Minerals and Polyphenols in the Context of Spain’s Olive Oil Production
by Carolina L. Ronca, Carmen Duque-Soto, Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez, María Encarnación Morales-Hernández, Manuel Olalla-Herrera, Jesús Lozano-Sánchez and Rafael Giménez Martínez
Foods 2024, 13(7), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13071036 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Lyophilized plant-origin extracts are rich in highly potent antioxidant polyphenols. In order to incorporate them into food products, it is necessary to protect these phytochemicals from atmospheric factors such as heat, light, moisture, or pH, and to enhance their bioavailability due to their [...] Read more.
Lyophilized plant-origin extracts are rich in highly potent antioxidant polyphenols. In order to incorporate them into food products, it is necessary to protect these phytochemicals from atmospheric factors such as heat, light, moisture, or pH, and to enhance their bioavailability due to their low solubility. To address these challenges, recent studies have focused on the development of encapsulation techniques for antioxidant compounds within polymeric structures. In this study, lyophilized olive leaf extracts were microencapsulated with the aim of overcoming the aforementioned challenges. The method used for the preparation of the studied microparticles involves external ionic gelation carried out within a water–oil (W/O) emulsion at room temperature. HPLC analysis demonstrates a high content of polyphenols, with 90% of the bioactive compounds encapsulated. Meanwhile, quantification by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) reveals that the dried leaves, lyophilized extract, and microencapsulated form contain satisfactory levels of macro- and micro-minerals (calcium, potassium, sodium). The microencapsulation technique could be a novel strategy to harness the polyphenols and minerals of olive leaves, thus enriching food products and leveraging the antioxidant properties of the polyphenolic compounds found in the lyophilized extract. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, and Novel Foods)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
12 pages, 2815 KiB  
Article
Charge-Selective Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes Driven by Naturally Occurring Halloysite Nanotubes
by Ashim Pramanik, Martina Maria Calvino, Luisa Sciortino, Pooria Pasbakhsh, Giuseppe Cavallaro, Giuseppe Lazzara, Fabrizio Messina and Alice Sciortino
Photochem 2024, 4(2), 151-162; https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem4020009 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
This study explores the use of Halloysite NanoTubes (HNTs) as photocatalysts capable of decomposing organic dyes under exposure to visible or ultraviolet light. Through a systematic series of photocatalytic experiments, we unveil that the photodegradation of Rhodamine B, used as a model cationic [...] Read more.
This study explores the use of Halloysite NanoTubes (HNTs) as photocatalysts capable of decomposing organic dyes under exposure to visible or ultraviolet light. Through a systematic series of photocatalytic experiments, we unveil that the photodegradation of Rhodamine B, used as a model cationic dye, is significantly accelerated in the presence of HNTs. We observe that the extent of RhB photocatalytic degradation in 100 min in the presence of the HNTs is ~four times higher compared to that of bare RhB. Moreover, under optimized conditions, the as-extracted photodegradation rate of RhB (~0.0022 min−1) is comparable to that of the previously reported work on the photodegradation of RhB in the presence of tubular nanostructures. A parallel effect is observed for anionic Coumarin photodegradation, albeit less efficiently. Our analysis attributes this discrepancy to the distinct charge states of the two dyes, influencing their attachment sites on HNTs. Cationic Rhodamine B molecules preferentially attach to the outer surface of HNTs, while anionic Coumarin molecules tend to attach to the inner surface. By leveraging the unique properties of HNTs, a family of naturally occurring nanotube structures, this research offers valuable insights for optimizing photocatalytic systems in the pursuit of effective and eco-friendly solutions for environmental remediation. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
21 pages, 3373 KiB  
Article
Theoretical and Numerical Simulation Study on the Ultimate Load Capacity of Triangular and Quadrilateral Truss Structures
by Xianquan Wang, Yong Qiu, Jie Yuan, Dongyan Liu, Peiyu Shi, Chenchen Zhao, Shanyuan Xu and Tengfei Zhao
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040928 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Spatial truss structures (STSs), serving as the bottom support structure of a cooling tower, effectively harness the superior load-bearing capacity offered by lattice-type truss structures. STSs are composed of main bars, diagonal bars, and horizontal bars, with horizontal bars serving as vital components [...] Read more.
Spatial truss structures (STSs), serving as the bottom support structure of a cooling tower, effectively harness the superior load-bearing capacity offered by lattice-type truss structures. STSs are composed of main bars, diagonal bars, and horizontal bars, with horizontal bars serving as vital components of the truss structure. They play a pivotal role in maintaining the overall integrity and stability of the structure. The proportional relationship between the stiffness of each bar in STSs has a profound impact on the mechanical characteristics of the overall structure. This relationship directly influences the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the structure. Therefore, conducting research on the influence patterns of this relationship is of utmost importance. This paper explores the study of triangular truss structures (TTSs) and quadrilateral truss structures (QTSs). Firstly, through theoretical analysis, considering structural elements such as the stiffness of the horizontal bars, the number of layers in the truss, and the angle between the diagonal bars and the horizontal bars, theoretical expressions for the calculation of the ultimate load capacity of TTSs and QTSs are derived. Furthermore, a parametric finite element (FE) model was established for the TTSs and QTSs. Through numerical simulations, the validity of the theoretical calculation expressions was verified. Finally, this paper discusses the influence of factors such as the stiffness of the horizontal bars, the number of layers in the truss, and the angle between the diagonal and horizontal bars on the TTSs and QTSs. It analyzes the patterns and trends of these influences. The research results indicate that the theoretical and numerical simulation results for the TTSs have an error ranging from 0.40% to 4.93%, while the relative error for the QTSs ranges from 1.59% to 4.88%. These errors are within an acceptable range for engineering calculations. As the stiffness of the horizontal bars increases, the proportionality coefficient of the truss’s ultimate load capacity shows an initial increase followed by a stable trend. It reaches an equilibrium state when the stiffness of the horizontal bars reaches a certain threshold. As the number of layers in the truss and the angle between the diagonal and horizontal bars increase, the proportionality coefficient of the load capacity gradually decreases. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of TTSs and QTSs in cooling towers. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
26 pages, 2705 KiB  
Review
Neurofilament Light Chains in Systemic Amyloidosis: A Systematic Review
by Milou Berends, Hans L. A. Nienhuis, David Adams, Chafic Karam, Marco Luigetti, Michael Polydefkis, Mary M. Reilly, Yoshiki Sekijima and Bouke P. C. Hazenberg
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3770; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073770 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy are common disease manifestations in systemic amyloidosis. The neurofilament light chain (NfL), a neuron-specific biomarker, is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid after neuronal damage. There is a need for an early and sensitive blood biomarker for polyneuropathy, [...] Read more.
Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy are common disease manifestations in systemic amyloidosis. The neurofilament light chain (NfL), a neuron-specific biomarker, is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid after neuronal damage. There is a need for an early and sensitive blood biomarker for polyneuropathy, and this systematic review provides an overview on the value of NfL in the early detection of neuropathy, central nervous system involvement, the monitoring of neuropathy progression, and treatment effects in systemic amyloidosis. A literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed on 14 February 2024 for studies investigating NfL levels in patients with systemic amyloidosis and transthyretin gene-variant (TTRv) carriers. Only studies containing original data were included. Included were thirteen full-text articles and five abstracts describing 1604 participants: 298 controls and 1306 TTRv carriers or patients with or without polyneuropathy. Patients with polyneuropathy demonstrated higher NfL levels compared to healthy controls and asymptomatic carriers. Disease onset was marked by rising NfL levels. Following the initiation of transthyretin gene-silencer treatment, NfL levels decreased and remained stable over an extended period. NfL is not an outcome biomarker, but an early and sensitive disease-process biomarker for neuropathy in systemic amyloidosis. Therefore, NfL has the potential to be used for the early detection of neuropathy, monitoring treatment effects, and monitoring disease progression in patients with systemic amyloidosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
22 pages, 9552 KiB  
Article
Application and Assessment of an Experiential Deformation Approach as a Didactive Tool of Truss Structures in Architectural Engineering
by Maristella E. Voutetaki
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14040354 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Experiential learning methods are advantageous for students as they motivate them to comprehend structural concepts without complex calculations, enhancing their inherent understanding of static principles. This research introduces a novel, cost-effective haptic didactic tool to enhance the approach to teaching trusses to students [...] Read more.
Experiential learning methods are advantageous for students as they motivate them to comprehend structural concepts without complex calculations, enhancing their inherent understanding of static principles. This research introduces a novel, cost-effective haptic didactic tool to enhance the approach to teaching trusses to students in a School of Architecture. The primary goal is to address challenges associated with the complexities of teaching structural systems within the context of architectural education. The proposed approach is related to the most critical issue, which is the state in which the individual elements are under applied load, compression, or tension. The approach explores the deformation of the truss elements and establishes a connection between their visible deformation and the stress they develop under various loads. As a didactic tool, this approach offers an alternative perspective to help students understand truss function under various loads. Also, an assessment procedure of learning outcomes and satisfaction indices has been structured to validate the impact on students on the proposed educational procedure. The findings underscore the significant educational efficiency of the proposed procedure as a sustainable way to connect the structural engineering challenges arising during design courses and creative skills in architecture engineering. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
13 pages, 7187 KiB  
Article
Immediate Effect of a Kinesiotape Bandage on Knee Mechanics during Functional Tests in Female Rugby and Football Athletes: A Pilot Study
by Amandine Fevre, Juliette Moriceau, Jaime Almazán-Polo and Guillermo García-Pérez-de-Sevilla
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2839; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072839 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Background: Some bandages with Kinesiotape have demonstrated some potential as means of prevention for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury in men. Objective: The main objective of this pilot study was to observe if a Kinesiotape bandage at the knee could potentially have an [...] Read more.
Background: Some bandages with Kinesiotape have demonstrated some potential as means of prevention for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury in men. Objective: The main objective of this pilot study was to observe if a Kinesiotape bandage at the knee could potentially have an immediate preventive effect against ACL injuries by improving proprioception and balance and reducing knee valgus and anterior translation of the tibia during certain functional tests in female athletes. Materials and Methods: A cross-over clinical trial including 10 female athletes (football and rugby) was conducted, where the two lower limbs of the 10 participants (n = 20) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) or to the control group (CG). A Kinesiotape bandage was placed on one knee with a tension of 75% (IG, n = 10) and another bandage on the other knee with a tension of 10% (CG, n = 10), as a placebo. Ultrasound assessment and functional tests were performed before (T1) and after (T2) bandaging according to group assignment. A videographic analysis was carried out with the ImageJ Software version 2.0. Results: A statistically significant reduction in knee valgus was observed in the Lateral Step Down test in the IG, compared to the CG (p < 0.05; η2p = 0.26) (IG-T1: 151.40 ± 11.04°; IG-T2: 157.10 ± 10.18°; versus CG-T1: 156.96 ± 5.44°; CG-T2: 158.68 ± 6.12°). In the other tests, no significant differences were found in terms of time × group interaction. Conclusions: A Kinesiotape bandage was able to reduce knee valgus in a functional test compared to a placebo bandage but was not more effective at reducing the anterior translation of the tibia or improving balance or proprioception. Based on these results, it could have a modest preventive effect against an ACL injury in female athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Fitness, Human Performance and Health)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">

Open Access Journals

Browse by Indexing Browse by Subject Selected Journals
Back to TopTop
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news