Advancing Open Science
for more than 25 years
Supporting academic communities
since 1996
 
25 pages, 1398 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Twenty Selected Fenugreek Genotypes Grown under Irrigated and Dryland Conditions: Morphology, Yield, Quality Properties and Antioxidant Activities
by Mahmut Camlica and Gulsum Yaldiz
Agronomy 2024, 14(4), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040713 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
In this study, 18 fenugreek genotypes and two cultivars were cultivated under irrigated and dryland conditions to determine the morphological, yield, quality, and bioactive properties. The morphological and seed yield values showed differences among the fenugreek genotypes and cultivars. The PI 286532 and [...] Read more.
In this study, 18 fenugreek genotypes and two cultivars were cultivated under irrigated and dryland conditions to determine the morphological, yield, quality, and bioactive properties. The morphological and seed yield values showed differences among the fenugreek genotypes and cultivars. The PI 286532 and PI 639185 genotypes for total alkaloid content and the PI 426973 and PI 572538 genotypes for trigonelline content were prominent under both irrigated and dryland conditions. The PI 215615 and PI 286532 genotypes were found to be rich in fixed oil contents under two growing conditions, while all fenugreek genotypes had high linoleic contents. The PI 568215 and PI 251640 genotypes and the gürarslan cultivar had the highest antioxidant activity compared with the other genotypes. The PI 215615 and PI 302448 genotypes and the gürarslan cultivar were found to be superior with respect to phenolic and flavonoid contents. Generally, the cluster analysis clustered the genotypes into two main groups and two sub-groups. Group B included more than 66% of the genotypes and cultivars. The biplot analysis accounted for over 53% of total variations. As a result of this study, most of the genotypes were found to be high in the examined properties, and these genotypes were good sources of natural components with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Breeding and Genetics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
12 pages, 788 KiB  
Article
Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS) with Ring Sideroblasts or SF3B1 Mutations: The Improved Clinical Utility of World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification 2022 Definitions, a Single-Centre Retrospective Chart Review
by Shamim Mortuza, Benjamin Chin-Yee, Tyler E. James, Ian H. Chin-Yee, Benjamin D. Hedley, Jenny M. Ho, Lalit Saini, Alejandro Lazo-Langner, Laila Schenkel, Pratibha Bhai, Bekim Sadikovic, Jonathan Keow, Nikhil Sangle and Cyrus C. Hsia
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(4), 1762-1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31040134 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) with ring sideroblasts (RS) are diagnosed via bone marrow aspiration in the presence of either (i) ≥15% RS or (ii) 5–14% RS and an SF3B1 mutation. In the MEDALIST trial and in an interim analysis of the COMMANDS trial, lower-risk [...] Read more.
Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) with ring sideroblasts (RS) are diagnosed via bone marrow aspiration in the presence of either (i) ≥15% RS or (ii) 5–14% RS and an SF3B1 mutation. In the MEDALIST trial and in an interim analysis of the COMMANDS trial, lower-risk MDS-RS patients had decreased transfusion dependency with luspatercept treatment. A total of 6817 patients with suspected hematologic malignancies underwent molecular testing using a next-generation-sequencing-based genetic assay and 395 MDS patients, seen at our centre from 1 January 2018 to 31 May 2023, were reviewed. Of these, we identified 39 evaluable patients as having lower-risk MDS with SF3B1 mutations: there were 20 (51.3%) males and 19 (48.7%) females, with a median age of 77 years (range of 57 to 92). Nineteen (48.7%) patients had an isolated SF3B1 mutation with a mean variant allele frequency of 35.2% +/− 8.1%, ranging from 7.4% to 46.0%. There were 29 (74.4%) patients with ≥15% RS, 6 (15.4%) with 5 to 14% RS, one (2.6%) with 1% RS, and 3 (7.7%) with no RS. Our study suggests that a quarter of patients would be missed based on the morphologic criterion of only using RS greater than 15% and supports the revised 2022 definitions of the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Consensus Classification (ICC), which shift toward molecularly defined subtypes of MDS and appropriate testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Pathology of Myelodysplastic Syndromes)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">
13 pages, 220 KiB  
Article
Addressing a Critical Voice in Clinical Practice: Experiences of Nursing Students, Teachers, and Supervisors—A Qualitative Study
by Ingrid Rachel Strand, Unni Knutstad, Anton Havnes and Mette Sagbakken
Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(2), 788-800; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14020061 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Aim: Our goal was to explore how power asymmetry manifests within the relationships between students, teachers, and supervisors, and how it influences students’ ability for critical reflection. Design: This study has an explorative qualitative design. Methods: Thirty in-depth interviews with nursing students (15), [...] Read more.
Aim: Our goal was to explore how power asymmetry manifests within the relationships between students, teachers, and supervisors, and how it influences students’ ability for critical reflection. Design: This study has an explorative qualitative design. Methods: Thirty in-depth interviews with nursing students (15), teachers (9), and supervisors (6) were conducted in addition to 16 observations of mid-term assessments during clinical practice. The analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Results: The students described being a student as a balancing act between humility, conforming to the supervisor’s expectations, and speaking their minds. The view expressed by the teachers and supervisors is that training for the nursing profession is closely linked to the students’ ability to act independently. Due to the supervisors’ hierarchical position, however, students are hesitant to voice any criticism regarding insufficient supervision or unsatisfactory performance of clinical tasks while at the same time being evaluated on their ability to critically reflect on their own and others’ clinical performance. This study was prospectively registered with the Norwegian Centre for Research Data on the 15th of August 2017 with the registration number 54821. Full article
12 pages, 1956 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Global and Temporal Trends in Pancreas and Islet Cell Transplantation: Public Awareness and Engagement
by Oscar A. Garcia Valencia, Charat Thongprayoon, Caroline C. Jadlowiec, Shennen A. Mao, Napat Leeaphorn, Pooja Budhiraja, Nadeen Khoury, Pradeep Vaitla, Supawadee Suppadungsuk and Wisit Cheungpasitporn
Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(2), 590-601; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14020046 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Background: Pancreas transplantation is a crucial surgical intervention for managing diabetes, but it faces challenges such as its invasive nature, stringent patient selection criteria, organ scarcity, and centralized expertise. Despite the steadily increasing number of pancreas transplants in the United States, there is [...] Read more.
Background: Pancreas transplantation is a crucial surgical intervention for managing diabetes, but it faces challenges such as its invasive nature, stringent patient selection criteria, organ scarcity, and centralized expertise. Despite the steadily increasing number of pancreas transplants in the United States, there is a need to understand global trends in interest to increase awareness of and participation in pancreas and islet cell transplantation. Methods: We analyzed Google Search trends for “Pancreas Transplantation” and “Islet Cell Transplantation” from 2004 to 14 November 2023, assessing variations in search interest over time and across geographical locations. The Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test was used to determine the stationarity of the trends (p < 0.05). Results: Search interest for “Pancreas Transplantation” varied from its 2004 baseline, with a general decline in peak interest over time. The lowest interest was in December 2010, with a slight increase by November 2023. Ecuador, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia showed the highest search interest. “Islet Cell Transplantation” had its lowest interest in December 2016 and a more pronounced decline over time, with Poland, China, and South Korea having the highest search volumes. In the U.S., “Pancreas Transplantation” ranked 4th in interest, while “Islet Cell Transplantation” ranked 11th. The ADF test confirmed the stationarity of the search trends for both procedures. Conclusions: “Pancreas Transplantation” and “Islet Cell Transplantation” showed initial peaks in search interest followed by a general downtrend. The stationary search trends suggest a lack of significant fluctuations or cyclical variations. These findings highlight the need for enhanced educational initiatives to increase the understanding and awareness of these critical transplant procedures among the public and professionals. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
15 pages, 911 KiB  
Article
A New and Lightweight R-Peak Detector Using the TEDA Evolving Algorithm
by Lucileide M. D. da Silva, Sérgio N. Silva, Luísa C. de Souza, Karolayne S. de Azevedo, Luiz Affonso Guedes and Marcelo A. C. Fernandes
Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extr. 2024, 6(2), 736-750; https://doi.org/10.3390/make6020034 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
The literature on ECG delineation algorithms has seen significant growth in recent decades. However, several challenges still need to be addressed. This work aims to propose a lightweight R-peak-detection algorithm that does not require pre-setting and performs classification on a sample-by-sample basis. The [...] Read more.
The literature on ECG delineation algorithms has seen significant growth in recent decades. However, several challenges still need to be addressed. This work aims to propose a lightweight R-peak-detection algorithm that does not require pre-setting and performs classification on a sample-by-sample basis. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the utilization of the typicality eccentricity detection anomaly (TEDA) algorithm for R-peak detection. The proposed method for R-peak detection consists of three phases. Firstly, the ECG signal is preprocessed by calculating the signal’s slope and applying filtering techniques. Next, the preprocessed signal is inputted into the TEDA algorithm for R-peak estimation. Finally, in the third and last step, the R-peak identification is carried out. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, experiments were conducted on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (MIT-AD) for R-peak detection and validation. The results of the study demonstrated that the proposed evolutive algorithm achieved a sensitivity (Se in %), positive predictivity (+P in %), and accuracy (ACC in %) of 95.45%, 99.61%, and 95.09%, respectively, with a tolerance (TOL) of 100 milliseconds. One key advantage of the proposed technique is its low computational complexity, as it is based on a statistical framework calculated recursively. It employs the concepts of typicity and eccentricity to determine whether a given sample is normal or abnormal within the dataset. Unlike most traditional methods, it does not require signal buffering or windowing. Furthermore, the proposed technique employs simple decision rules rather than heuristic approaches, further contributing to its computational efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Bioinformatics and Intelligent Information Processing)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
21 pages, 7005 KiB  
Article
An Estimation of the Energy Savings of a Mainline Diesel Locomotive Equipped with an Energy Storage Device
by Ievgen Riabov, Sergey Goolak and Larysa Neduzha
Vehicles 2024, 6(2), 611-631; https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6020028 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
The method of improving a two-section mainline diesel locomotive by using energy storage in the traction system is considered. A mathematical model was developed to study the movement of a diesel locomotive based on the recommendations and provisions of the theory of locomotive [...] Read more.
The method of improving a two-section mainline diesel locomotive by using energy storage in the traction system is considered. A mathematical model was developed to study the movement of a diesel locomotive based on the recommendations and provisions of the theory of locomotive traction. For this purpose, the movement of a diesel locomotive as part of a train along a given section of a track was studied. It was determined that the use of an energy storage device on a diesel locomotive will allow up to 64% of the energy spent on train traction to accumulate. The use of energy storage in the accumulator during electrodynamic braking ensured a reduction in fuel consumption by about 50%, regardless of the options for equipping the traction system of the diesel locomotive with an energy accumulator. It is established that regardless of the options for equipping the traction system of the diesel locomotive with an energy storage device, the indicators characterizing the degree of use of the diesel engine do not change. These research results can be used in works devoted to the improvement of the control system of energy exchange between the accumulator and traction engines of diesel locomotives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Railway Vehicles and Infrastructure)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 1880 KiB  
Article
Forecasting Pitch Response of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines with a Deep Learning Model
by Mohammad Barooni and Deniz Velioglu Sogut
Clean Technol. 2024, 6(2), 418-431; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol6020021 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
The design and optimization of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) pose significant challenges, stemming from the complex interplay among aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, structural dynamics, and control systems. In this context, this study introduces an innovative method for forecasting the dynamic behavior of FOWTs under [...] Read more.
The design and optimization of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) pose significant challenges, stemming from the complex interplay among aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, structural dynamics, and control systems. In this context, this study introduces an innovative method for forecasting the dynamic behavior of FOWTs under various conditions by merging Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network. This model outperforms traditional numerical models by delivering precise and efficient predictions of dynamic FOWT responses. It adeptly handles computational complexities and reduces processing duration, while maintaining flexibility and effectively managing nonlinear dynamics. The model’s prowess is showcased through an analysis of a spar-type FOWT in a multivariate parallel time series dataset using the CNN–GRU structure. The outcomes are notably promising, underscoring the model’s proficiency in accurately forecasting the performance of FOWTs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Wind Energy Technology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
16 pages, 3618 KiB  
Review
Axial Tomography in Live Cell Microscopy
by Herbert Schneckenburger and Christoph Cremer
Biophysica 2024, 4(2), 142-157; https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica4020010 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
For many biomedical applications, laser-assisted methods are essential to enhance the three-dimensional (3D) resolution of a light microscope. In this report, we review possibilities to improve the 3D imaging potential by axial tomography. This method allows us to rotate the object in a [...] Read more.
For many biomedical applications, laser-assisted methods are essential to enhance the three-dimensional (3D) resolution of a light microscope. In this report, we review possibilities to improve the 3D imaging potential by axial tomography. This method allows us to rotate the object in a microscope into the best perspective required for imaging. Furthermore, images recorded under variable angles can be combined to one image with isotropic resolution. After a brief review of the technical state of the art, we show some biomedical applications, and discuss future perspectives for Deep View Microscopy and Molecular Imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Optics 2.0)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
8 pages, 228 KiB  
Perspective
Sustainable-by-Design Approach of Active Catalysts to Produce Reactive Oxygen Species in Water Matrices
by Prisco Prete
Sustain. Chem. 2024, 5(2), 60-67; https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem5020005 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
An overview of the latest advances in the design of active catalysts with the ability to promote (photo) Fenton processes in water from a Green Chemistry perspective is discussed herein. A critical evaluation of the most relevant advances has been disclosed, and a [...] Read more.
An overview of the latest advances in the design of active catalysts with the ability to promote (photo) Fenton processes in water from a Green Chemistry perspective is discussed herein. A critical evaluation of the most relevant advances has been disclosed, and a brief perspective is presented about what is needed to fill the gap of knowledge in this field. Full article
9 pages, 296 KiB  
Article
Virtual Reality-Based Assessment for Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
by Luciano Bissolotti, Justo Artiles-Sánchez, José Luís Alonso-Pérez, Josué Fernández-Carnero, Vanesa Abuín-Porras, Pierluigi Sinatti and Jorge Hugo Villafa?e
Medicina 2024, 60(4), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040555 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the responsiveness and concurrent validity of a serious game and its correlation between the use of serious games and upper limbs (UL) performance in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four consecutive [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the responsiveness and concurrent validity of a serious game and its correlation between the use of serious games and upper limbs (UL) performance in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four consecutive upper limbs (14 males, 8 females, age: 55–83 years) of PD patients were assessed. The clinical assessment included: the Box and Block test (BBT), Nine-Hole Peg test (9HPT), and sub-scores of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating-Scale Motor section (UPDRS-M) to assess UL disability. Performance scores obtained in two different tests (Ex. A and Ex. B, respectively, the Trolley test and Mushrooms test) based on leap motion (LM) sensors were used to study the correlations with clinical scores. Results: The subjective fatigue experienced during LM tests was measured by the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE, 0–10); the BBT and 9HPT showed the highest correlation coefficients with UPDRS-M scores (ICCs: −0.652 and 0.712, p < 0.05). Exercise A (Trolley test) correlated with UPDRS-M (ICC: 0.31, p < 0.05), but not with the 9HPT and BBT tests (ICCs: −0.447 and 0.390, p < 0.05), while Exercise B (Mushroom test) correlated with UPDRS-M (ICC: −0.40, p < 0.05), as did these last two tests (ICCs: −0.225 and 0.272, p < 0.05). The mean RPE during LM tests was 3.4 ± 3.2. The evaluation of upper limb performance is feasible and does not induce relevant fatigue. Conclusions: The analysis of the ICC supports the use of Test B to evaluate UL disability and performance in PD patients, while Test A is mostly correlated with disability. Specifically designed serious games on LM can serve as a method of impairment in the PD population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neurology)
8 pages, 7987 KiB  
Case Report
Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis to the Penis: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Dae Yeon Cho, Hyun Jung Kim and Jae Yoon Kim
Medicina 2024, 60(4), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040554 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Metastasis to the penis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or any other primary cancer site is unusual; when it does occur, it often involves multiple organs. A 75-year-old man presented with penile pain and swelling. Three months earlier, he had open radical nephrectomy [...] Read more.
Metastasis to the penis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or any other primary cancer site is unusual; when it does occur, it often involves multiple organs. A 75-year-old man presented with penile pain and swelling. Three months earlier, he had open radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy and was diagnosed with clear-cell RCC with tumor thrombosis in the inferior vena cava. The follow-up imaging indicated metastasis to the penis, prompting a total penectomy due to worsening pain. The excised mass displayed features consistent with metastatic RCC. This case underscores the need to consider rare metastatic sites, such as the metastasis of RCC to the penis, in RCC patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Urology & Nephrology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
16 pages, 4537 KiB  
Article
Variations in Essential Oil Biological Activities of Female Cones at Different Developmental Stages from Azorean Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don (Cupressaceae)
by Alexandre Janeiro, Ana Lima, Filipe Arruda, Tanner Wortham, T?nia Rodrigues, José Baptista and Elisabete Lima
Separations 2024, 11(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11040102 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
In the Azores Archipelago, Cryptomeria japonica is, currently, the most cultivated forestry tree for timber production, landscaping, and gardening, generating large amounts of foliage waste that is used for local essential oils (EOs) production. However, the existing literature on the biological potential of [...] Read more.
In the Azores Archipelago, Cryptomeria japonica is, currently, the most cultivated forestry tree for timber production, landscaping, and gardening, generating large amounts of foliage waste that is used for local essential oils (EOs) production. However, the existing literature on the biological potential of EOs from different C. japonica foliage parts, such as female cones (FC), remains limited. Thus, in the present study, EOs extracted by hydrodistillation from Azorean C. japonica immature and mature FC (IFC and MFC), as well as some major EO components, were screened for their: (i) antioxidant capacity, evaluated by DPPH free-radical-scavenging activity (FRSA) and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching activity (BCBA), (ii) antimicrobial activities, assessed by the disc diffusion method against eight bacteria and one fungus, and (iii) toxicity against Artemia salina. Among both FC EO samples, the IFC EO exhibited the best DPPH–FRSA, BCBA, and growth inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, and Penicillium italicum, as well as a slightly increased toxic potential, due to their differential compositions, as assessed by GC–MS analysis. Thus, the FC’s maturation process decreased their EOs’ bioactivities. In conclusion, this finding could help in determining the optimal developmental stage for enhancing the antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds content in FC EOs. In turn, this contributes to increasing the commercial potential of C. japonica’s EO industry. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
20 pages, 4793 KiB  
Article
A Comprehensive Study on the Optimization of Drilling Performance in Hybrid Nano-Composites and Neat CFRP Composites Using Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches
by Tanzila Nargis, S. M. Shahabaz, Subash Acharya, Nagaraja Shetty, Rashmi Laxmikant Malghan and S. Divakara Shetty
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2024, 8(2), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8020067 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have gradually replaced metals due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio compared to metallic materials. However, the drilling process often reveals various defects, such as surface roughness, influenced by different drilling parameters. This study explores the drilling quality of [...] Read more.
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have gradually replaced metals due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio compared to metallic materials. However, the drilling process often reveals various defects, such as surface roughness, influenced by different drilling parameters. This study explores the drilling quality of uni-directional CFRP composites, as well as hybrid Al2O3 alumina and hybrid SiC silicon carbide nano-composites, through experimental exploration using step, core, and twist drills. Response surface methodology (RSM) and statistical tools, including main effect plots, ANOVA, contour plots, and optimization techniques, were used to analyze the surface roughness of the hole. Optimization plots were drawn for optimal conditions, suggesting a spindle speed of 1500 rpm, feed of 0.01 mm/rev, and a 4 mm drill diameter for achieving minimum surface roughness. Furthermore, two machine learning models, artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF), were used for predictive analysis. The findings revealed the robust predictive capabilities of both models, with RF demonstrating superior performance over ANN and RSM. Through visual comparisons and error analyses, more insights were gained into model accuracy and potential avenues for improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Composites Manufacturing and Plastics Processing)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
13 pages, 2676 KiB  
Article
Rapid Determination of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rubber Content Using a Pyrolyzer Hyphenated with a Miniaturized Mass Spectrometer
by Shunkai Gao, Minmin Guo, Jiaqi Gao, Zejian Huang, Min Gan, Jichuan Zhang and Yiyang Dong
Separations 2024, 11(4), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11040103 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS), a rubber-producing plant with excellent potential, emerges as a viable substitute for rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). While natural rubber is a desirable material, conventional techniques for assessing rubber content have faced challenges in meeting practical production requirements. To [...] Read more.
Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS), a rubber-producing plant with excellent potential, emerges as a viable substitute for rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). While natural rubber is a desirable material, conventional techniques for assessing rubber content have faced challenges in meeting practical production requirements. To address this issue, we have developed a pyrolysis–mass spectrometry (PY-MS) instrument for the quantitative evaluation of natural rubber (NR) content in rubber-producing plants. The derived standard curve equation, established for the detection of TKS dry weight through external standard calibration, demonstrates a correlation coefficient (R2) surpassing 0.99. The method exhibits commendable recovery rates (93.27–107.83%), relative standard deviations (RSD ≤ 3.93%), and a swift analysis time of merely 10 min per sample, thereby enabling accurate and efficient quantification of NR dry weight. Additionally, the PY-MS system we designed can be modified for vehicular use, enabling on-site, in situ analysis, and it provides substantial support for TKS breeding and propagation efforts. This approach possesses significant potential for extensive utilization in the assessment of rubber content in rubber-producing plants other than TKS. The integration of pyrolysis–mass spectrometry for the identification of polymers with high molecular weight offers a valuable pathway for the examination of diverse polymers. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
20 pages, 17545 KiB  
Article
Impact Characteristics and Repair Approaches of Distinct Bio-Based Matrix Composites: A Comparative Analysis
by Bharath Ravindran, Timotheos Agathocleous, Beate Oswald-Tranta, Ewald Fauster and Michael Feuchter
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(4), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040126 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Increasing global concerns regarding environmental issues have driven significant advancements in the development of bio-based fiber reinforced polymer composites. Despite extensive research on bio-composites, there remains a noticeable gap in studies specifically addressing the challenges of repairing bio-composites for circular economy adoption. Traditional [...] Read more.
Increasing global concerns regarding environmental issues have driven significant advancements in the development of bio-based fiber reinforced polymer composites. Despite extensive research on bio-composites, there remains a noticeable gap in studies specifically addressing the challenges of repairing bio-composites for circular economy adoption. Traditional repair techniques for impacted composites, such as patching or scarf methods, are not only time-consuming but also require highly skilled personnel. This paper aims to highlight cost-effective repair strategies for the restoration of damaged composites, featuring flax fiber as the primary reinforcement material and distinct matrix systems, namely bio-based epoxy and bio-based vitrimer matrix. Glass fiber was used as a secondary material to validate the bio-based vitrimer matrix. The damage caused specifically by low impact is detrimental to the structural integrity of the composites. Therefore, the impact resistance of the two composite materials is evaluated using instrumented drop tower tests at various energy levels, while thermography observations are employed to assess damage evolution. Two distinct repair approaches were studied: the resin infiltration repair method, employing bio-based epoxy, and the reconsolidation (self-healing) repair method, utilizing the bio-based vitrimer matrix. The efficiency of these repair methods was assessed through active thermography and compression after impact tests. The repair outcomes demonstrate successful restoration and the maintenance of ultimate strength at an efficiency of 90% for the re-infiltration repair method and 92% for the reconsolidation repair method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Modelling of Composites, Volume III)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
12 pages, 3551 KiB  
Article
Spiral Structured Cellulose Acetate Membrane Fabricated by One-Step Electrospinning Technique with High Water Permeation Flux
by Allison A. Kim and Milan Babu Poudel
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(4), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040127 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
A functionally graded membrane (FGM) with a special spiral-structured cellulose acetate (CA) membrane was prepared by electrospinning under different collection distances. The membrane morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FESEM images revealed that the high concentration shows the formation of fibers [...] Read more.
A functionally graded membrane (FGM) with a special spiral-structured cellulose acetate (CA) membrane was prepared by electrospinning under different collection distances. The membrane morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FESEM images revealed that the high concentration shows the formation of fibers with an irregular diameter, with a large diameter distribution range. The fiber collected at a short distance of 10 cm experiences the strong electrostatic force, resulting in the short flight time for the polymer jet. This causes the bending instability of the polymer jet forming the comparatively thick fiber diameters, whereas the fiber collected at 15 cm shows the presence of a smooth, homogeneous diameter. Furthermore, the water flux of the membrane was determined using 50 mL of Amicon stirred cells. The fiber collected at different distances showed diameter variation, which is used to design a special spiral structure on the membrane by auto-moving the collector between the fixed distances of 10–20 cm. This technique will reveal a new approach for the fabrication of a special spiral structure on the nanofibrous membrane for different biomedical applications from different polymers. Meanwhile, the fabricated FGM with a special spiral-structure CA membrane demonstrates high water permeation flux. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Composites, Volume III)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
13 pages, 4554 KiB  
Article
Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Lignocellulose Nanocrystals of Corncob: Thermal and Mechanical Properties
by Edgar Mauricio Santos-Ventura, Marcos Alfredo Escalante-?lvarez, Rubén González-Nu?ez, Marianelly Esquivel-Alfaro and Belkis Sulbarán-Rangel
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(4), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040125 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Composites based on recycled polypropylene (PP) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals whit lignin corncob were prepared. The effect of the ratio composites prepared via a compression molding process on the mechanical and thermal properties was analyzed. Corncobs is a little-used agroindustrial residue with a [...] Read more.
Composites based on recycled polypropylene (PP) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals whit lignin corncob were prepared. The effect of the ratio composites prepared via a compression molding process on the mechanical and thermal properties was analyzed. Corncobs is a little-used agroindustrial residue with a high cellulose content. The corncob was milled and then delignified via the organosolve process in order to get the cellulose unbleached. An acid hydrolysis process was then carried out to obtain lignocellulose nanocrystals (LCNCs). Subsequently, LCNC/PP composites were obtained via termocompression molding using different concentrations of LCNC (0, 0.5, 1 and 2% by weight) previously mixed via extrusion. The residual lignin present in the LCNCs improved the compatibility between the reinforcement and the PP matrix. This was evidenced by the increase in mechanical properties and the stabilization of thermal properties. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the LCNC increases the tensile and flexural modules and strength with respect to neat PP. Composites with 2% of LCNC showed an increase of 36% and 43% in modulus and tensile strength, respectively, while the flexural modulus and strength increased by 7.6%. By using reinforcements of natural and residual origin (corncob) and improving the properties of recycled polymers, their reuse will increase, and this can lead to reducing waste in the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycled Polymer Composites: Futuristic Sustainable Material)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
13 pages, 3938 KiB  
Article
Surface Quality Related to Face Milling Parameters in 3D Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PETG
by Mohamad El Mehtedi, Pasquale Buonadonna, Gabriela Loi, Rayane El Mohtadi, Mauro Carta and Francesco Aymerich
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(4), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040128 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technology holds significant potential for enhancing the flexibility and cost-efficiency of producing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs). However, it faces limitations such as challenges in achieving high surface qualityand precise dimensional accuracy and managing the distinctive anisotropic mechanical properties that it [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional printing technology holds significant potential for enhancing the flexibility and cost-efficiency of producing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs). However, it faces limitations such as challenges in achieving high surface qualityand precise dimensional accuracy and managing the distinctive anisotropic mechanical properties that it demonstrates. This study aims to explore the machinability of 3D printed PETG infused with 20% short carbon fiber and to assess the resulting surface roughness and burr formation. Employing a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach, three factors were considered: rotational speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. These factors were tested at varying levels—rotational speeds of 3000, 5500, and 8000 rpm; feed rates of 400, 600, and 800 mm/min; and depth of cut values of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm. The evaluation of machinability relied on two key response parameters: surface roughness (Sa) determined from the milled surface and burr height measured on both sides using a roughness meter. The findings revealed a significant influence of milling parameters on both roughness and burr formation. However, the ideal conditions for minimizing roughness and reducing burr formation did not align. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was conducted between these results and the machinability of PETG under similar conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Fiber Composites, Volume III)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
18 pages, 470 KiB  
Article
Comparing Hierarchical Approaches to Enhance Supervised Emotive Text Classification
by Lowri Williams, Eirini Anthi and Pete Burnap
Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2024, 8(4), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8040038 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
The performance of emotive text classification using affective hierarchical schemes (e.g., WordNet-Affect) is often evaluated using the same traditional measures used to evaluate the performance of when a finite set of isolated classes are used. However, applying such measures means the full characteristics [...] Read more.
The performance of emotive text classification using affective hierarchical schemes (e.g., WordNet-Affect) is often evaluated using the same traditional measures used to evaluate the performance of when a finite set of isolated classes are used. However, applying such measures means the full characteristics and structure of the emotive hierarchical scheme are not considered. Thus, the overall performance of emotive text classification using emotion hierarchical schemes is often inaccurately reported and may lead to ineffective information retrieval and decision making. This paper provides a comparative investigation into how methods used in hierarchical classification problems in other domains, which extend traditional evaluation metrics to consider the characteristics of the hierarchical classification scheme, can be applied and subsequently improve the classification of emotive texts. This study investigates the classification performance of three widely used classifiers, Naive Bayes, J48 Decision Tree, and SVM, following the application of the aforementioned methods. The results demonstrated that all the methods improved the emotion classification. However, the most notable improvement was recorded when a depth-based method was applied to both the testing and validation data, where the precision, recall, and F1-score were significantly improved by around 70 percentage points for each classifier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Natural Language Processing and Text Mining)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
24 pages, 2866 KiB  
Article
Cybercrime Risk Found in Employee Behavior Big Data Using Semi-Supervised Machine Learning with Personality Theories
by Kenneth David Strang
Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2024, 8(4), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8040037 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
A critical worldwide problem is that ransomware cyberattacks can be costly to organizations. Moreover, accidental employee cybercrime risk can be challenging to prevent, even by leveraging advanced computer science techniques. This exploratory project used a novel cognitive computing design with detailed explanations of [...] Read more.
A critical worldwide problem is that ransomware cyberattacks can be costly to organizations. Moreover, accidental employee cybercrime risk can be challenging to prevent, even by leveraging advanced computer science techniques. This exploratory project used a novel cognitive computing design with detailed explanations of the action-research case-study methodology and customized machine learning (ML) techniques, supplemented by a workflow diagram. The ML techniques included language preprocessing, normalization, tokenization, keyword association analytics, learning tree analysis, credibility/reliability/validity checks, heatmaps, and scatter plots. The author analyzed over 8 GB of employee behavior big data from a multinational Fintech company global intranet. The five-factor personality theory (FFPT) from the psychology discipline was integrated into semi-supervised ML to classify retrospective employee behavior and then identify cybercrime risk. Higher levels of employee neuroticism were associated with a greater organizational cybercrime risk, corroborating the findings in empirical publications. In stark contrast to the literature, an openness to new experiences was inversely related to cybercrime risk. The other FFPT factors, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extroversion, had no informative association with cybercrime risk. This study introduced an interdisciplinary paradigm shift for big data cognitive computing by illustrating how to integrate a proven scientific construct into ML—personality theory from the psychology discipline—to analyze human behavior using a retrospective big data collection approach that was asserted to be more efficient, reliable, and valid as compared to traditional methods like surveys or interviews. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Data Science for Social Good)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
12 pages, 3958 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Adhesion of Abalone to Surfaces with Different Morphologies
by Peng Xi, Yanqi Qiao, Qian Cong and Qingliang Cui
Biomimetics 2024, 9(4), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040206 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
To date, research on abalone adhesion has primarily analyzed the organism’s adhesion to smooth surfaces, with few studies on adhesion to non-smooth surfaces. The present study examined the surface morphology of the abalone’s abdominal foot, followed by measuring the adhesive force of the [...] Read more.
To date, research on abalone adhesion has primarily analyzed the organism’s adhesion to smooth surfaces, with few studies on adhesion to non-smooth surfaces. The present study examined the surface morphology of the abalone’s abdominal foot, followed by measuring the adhesive force of the abalone on a smooth force measuring plate and five force measuring plates with different surface morphologies. Next, the adhesion mechanism of the abdominal foot was analyzed. The findings indicated that the abdominal foot of the abalone features numerous stripe-shaped folds on its surface. The adhesion of the abalone to a fine frosted glass plate, a coarse frosted glass plate, and a quadrangular conical glass plate was not significantly different from that on a smooth glass plate. However, the organism’s adhesion to a small lattice pit glass plate and block pattern glass plate was significantly different. The abalone could effectively adhere to the surface of the block pattern glass plate using the elasticity of its abdominal foot during adhesion but experienced difficulty in completely adhering to the surface of the quadrangular conical glass plate. The abdominal foot used its elasticity to form an independent sucker system with each small lattice pit, significantly improving adhesion to the small lattice pit glass plate. The elasticity of the abalone’s abdominal foot created difficulty in handling slight morphological size changes in roughness, resulting in no significant differences in its adhesion to the smooth glass plate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Attachment Systems and Biomimetics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
12 pages, 1329 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Fermentation Process in Biogas Production from Animal and Plant Waste Substrates in the Southeastern Region of Bulgaria
by Angel Terziev, Penka Zlateva and Martin Ivanov
Fermentation 2024, 10(4), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10040187 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Annually, a huge amount of waste from plant biomass and animal manure is produced from agriculture and animal farming. Many studies provide information on the biomethane potential of agricultural and livestock wastes, but only a few studies have investigated the application of the [...] Read more.
Annually, a huge amount of waste from plant biomass and animal manure is produced from agriculture and animal farming. Many studies provide information on the biomethane potential of agricultural and livestock wastes, but only a few studies have investigated the application of the substrates in combination. The objective of the study is to enhance the fermentation process in the digester for biogas production, obtained from animal and plant waste substrates. In four batch processes for three months, the temperatures and the residence time of the substrates in the fermenter were analyzed. Simultaneously, electricity and thermal energy were produced via cogeneration units, which were exported to the public grid and city heating network. The plant substrate is a silage mixture of corn and wheat waste. The animal substrate is a mixture of beef and pig manure. Animal and vegetable waste raw materials are collected and transported to the site, located in the region of southeastern Bulgaria. The total annual consumption of animal and plant waste is 17,971 t/year. The enhancement of the process leads to the production of 1,506,000 Nm3 CH4/a of methane, the generation of which requires 299.63 MWh/a of electricity and 649.09 MWh/a thermal energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofuels Production and Processing Technology: 3rd Edition)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">
14 pages, 6833 KiB  
Article
Reducing Automotive Cooling System Complexity through an Adaptive Biomimetic Air Control Valve
by Thomas Thuilot, Moses-Gereon Wullweber, Matthias Fischer, Michael Bennemann and Tobias Seidl
Biomimetics 2024, 9(4), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040207 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Future automotive mobility is predominantly electric. Compared to existing systems, the requirements of subsystems change. Air flow for cooling components is needed predominantly when the car is in rest (i.e., charging) or at slow speeds. So far, actively driven fans consuming power and [...] Read more.
Future automotive mobility is predominantly electric. Compared to existing systems, the requirements of subsystems change. Air flow for cooling components is needed predominantly when the car is in rest (i.e., charging) or at slow speeds. So far, actively driven fans consuming power and generating noise are used in this case. Here we propose a passive adaptive system allowing for convection-driven cooling. The developed system is a highly adaptive flat valve derived from the bordered pit. It was developed through an iterative design process including simulations, both structural and thermodynamic. In hardwoods and conifers, bordered pits enable the challenging transport of vertical fluids by locally limiting damage. Depending on the structure, these can close at sudden pressure changes and take the function of valves. The result of the biomimetic abstraction process is a system-integrative, low-profile valve that is cheap to produce, long-lasting, lightweight, maintenance-free, and noise-free. It allows for the passive switching of air flow generation at the heat exchanger of the cooling between natural convection or an active airstream without the need for complex sensing and control systems. The geometric and material design factors allow for the simple tuning of the valve to the desired switching conditions during the design process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biomimetics of Materials and Structures)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">

Open Access Journals

Browse by Indexing Browse by Subject Selected Journals
Back to TopTop
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news