Advancing Open Science
for more than 25 years
Supporting academic communities
since 1996
 
18 pages, 470 KiB  
Article
Comparing Hierarchical Approaches to Enhance Supervised Emotive Text Classification
by Lowri Williams, Eirini Anthi and Pete Burnap
Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2024, 8(4), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8040038 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
The performance of emotive text classification using affective hierarchical schemes (e.g., WordNet-Affect) is often evaluated using the same traditional measures used to evaluate the performance of when a finite set of isolated classes are used. However, applying such measures means the full characteristics [...] Read more.
The performance of emotive text classification using affective hierarchical schemes (e.g., WordNet-Affect) is often evaluated using the same traditional measures used to evaluate the performance of when a finite set of isolated classes are used. However, applying such measures means the full characteristics and structure of the emotive hierarchical scheme are not considered. Thus, the overall performance of emotive text classification using emotion hierarchical schemes is often inaccurately reported and may lead to ineffective information retrieval and decision making. This paper provides a comparative investigation into how methods used in hierarchical classification problems in other domains, which extend traditional evaluation metrics to consider the characteristics of the hierarchical classification scheme, can be applied and subsequently improve the classification of emotive texts. This study investigates the classification performance of three widely used classifiers, Naive Bayes, J48 Decision Tree, and SVM, following the application of the aforementioned methods. The results demonstrated that all the methods improved the emotion classification. However, the most notable improvement was recorded when a depth-based method was applied to both the testing and validation data, where the precision, recall, and F1-score were significantly improved by around 70 percentage points for each classifier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Natural Language Processing and Text Mining)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 1880 KiB  
Article
Forecasting Pitch Response of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines with a Deep Learning Model
by Mohammad Barooni and Deniz Velioglu Sogut
Clean Technol. 2024, 6(2), 418-431; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol6020021 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
The design and optimization of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) pose significant challenges, stemming from the complex interplay among aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, structural dynamics, and control systems. In this context, this study introduces an innovative method for forecasting the dynamic behavior of FOWTs under [...] Read more.
The design and optimization of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) pose significant challenges, stemming from the complex interplay among aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, structural dynamics, and control systems. In this context, this study introduces an innovative method for forecasting the dynamic behavior of FOWTs under various conditions by merging Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network. This model outperforms traditional numerical models by delivering precise and efficient predictions of dynamic FOWT responses. It adeptly handles computational complexities and reduces processing duration, while maintaining flexibility and effectively managing nonlinear dynamics. The model’s prowess is showcased through an analysis of a spar-type FOWT in a multivariate parallel time series dataset using the CNN–GRU structure. The outcomes are notably promising, underscoring the model’s proficiency in accurately forecasting the performance of FOWTs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Wind Energy Technology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 370 KiB  
Article
Leibniz’s Principle, (Non-)Entanglement, and Pauli Exclusion
by Cord Friebe
Philosophies 2024, 9(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9020045 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Both bosons and fermions satisfy a strong version of Leibniz’s Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles (PII), and so are ontologically on par with respect to the PII. This holds for non-entangled, non-product states and for physically entangled states—as it has been established [...] Read more.
Both bosons and fermions satisfy a strong version of Leibniz’s Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles (PII), and so are ontologically on par with respect to the PII. This holds for non-entangled, non-product states and for physically entangled states—as it has been established in previous work. In this paper, the Leibniz strategy is completed by including the (bosonic) symmetric product states. A new understanding of Pauli’s Exclusion Principle is provided, which distinguishes bosons from fermions in a peculiar ontological way. Finally, the program as a whole is defended against substantial objections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Philosophy and Quantum Mechanics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">
23 pages, 12234 KiB  
Article
High-Precision Time Difference of Arrival Estimation Method Based on Phase Measurement
by Jihao Xin, Xuyang Ge, Yuan Zhang, Xingdong Liang, Hang Li, Linghao Wu, Jiashuo Wei and Xiangxi Bu
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(7), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071197 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning technique, baselines are limited due to communication constraints. In this case, the accuracy is highly sensitive to the TDOA measurements’ error. This article primarily addresses the problem of short-baseline high-precision time synchronization [...] Read more.
In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning technique, baselines are limited due to communication constraints. In this case, the accuracy is highly sensitive to the TDOA measurements’ error. This article primarily addresses the problem of short-baseline high-precision time synchronization and TDOA measurement. We conducted a detailed analysis of error models in TDOA systems, considering both the time and phase measurement. We utilize the frequency division wireless phase synchronization technique in TDOA systems. Building upon this synchronization scheme, we propose a novel time delay estimation method that relies on phase measurements based on the integer least squares method. The performance of this method is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulations and outdoor experiments. The standard deviations of synchronization and TDOA measurements in experiments are 1.12 ps and 1.66 ps, respectively. Furthermore, the circular error probable (CEP) accuracy is improved from 0.33%R to 0.02%R, offering support for the practical application of distributed short-baseline high-precision passive location techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Drone-Based Surveying 2nd Edition)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
16 pages, 15639 KiB  
Article
Playing with Low Amounts of Expanded Graphite for Melt-Processed Polyamide and Copolyester Nanocomposites to Achieve Control of Mechanical, Tribological, Thermal and Dielectric Properties
by Ruben Vande Ryse, Michiel Van Osta, Mounia Gruyaert, Maarten Oosterlinck, ?dám Kalácska, Mariya Edeleva, Frederik Pille, Dagmar R. D’hooge, Ludwig Cardon and Patrick De Baets
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(7), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14070606 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Polyamide 11 (PA11) and copolyester (TPC-E) were compounded through melt extrusion with low levels (below 10%) of expanded graphite (EG), aiming at the manufacturing of a thermally and electrically conductive composite resistant to friction and with acceptable mechanical properties. Thermal characterisation showed that [...] Read more.
Polyamide 11 (PA11) and copolyester (TPC-E) were compounded through melt extrusion with low levels (below 10%) of expanded graphite (EG), aiming at the manufacturing of a thermally and electrically conductive composite resistant to friction and with acceptable mechanical properties. Thermal characterisation showed that the EG presence had no influence on the onset degradation temperature or melting temperature. While the specific density of the produced composite materials increased linearly with increasing levels of EG, the tensile modulus and flexural modulus showed a significant increase already at the introduction of 1 wt% EG. However, the elongation at break decreased significantly for higher loadings, which is typical for composite materials. We observed the increase in the dielectric and thermal conductivity, and the dissipated power displayed a much larger increase where high frequencies (e.g., 10 GHz) were taken into account. The tribological results showed significant changes at 4 wt% for the PA11 composite and 6 wt% for the TPC-E composite. Morphological analysis of the wear surfaces indicated that the main wear mechanism changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear, which contributes to the enhanced wear resistance of the developed materials. Overall, we manufactured new composite materials with enhanced dielectric properties and superior wear resistance while maintaining good processability, specifically upon using 4–6 wt% of EG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermally Conductive Nanomaterials and Their Applications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
16 pages, 2424 KiB  
Article
Serum Levels of Copper and Zinc and Survival in Breast Cancer Patients
by Marek Szwiec, Wojciech Marciniak, Ró?a Derkacz, Tomasz Huzarski, Jacek Gronwald, Cezary Cybulski, Tadeusz D?bniak, Anna Jakubowska, Marcin R. Lener, Micha? Falco, Józef K?adny, Piotr Baszuk, Joanne Kotsopoulos, Steven A. Narod and Jan Lubiński
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071000 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
There is emerging interest in the relationship between several serum micronutrients and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The relationship between serum zinc and copper levels and breast cancer prognosis is unclear. In our study, we included 583 patients with breast cancer [...] Read more.
There is emerging interest in the relationship between several serum micronutrients and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The relationship between serum zinc and copper levels and breast cancer prognosis is unclear. In our study, we included 583 patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2008 and 2015 in the region of Szczecin, Poland. In a blood sample obtained before treatment, serum zinc and copper levels were quantified by mass spectroscopy. Each patient was assigned to one of four categories (quartiles) based on the distribution of the elements in the entire cohort. Patients were followed from diagnosis to death over a mean of 10.0 years. The 10-year overall survival was 58.3% for women in the highest and 82.1% for those in the lowest quartile of serum copper/zinc ratio (p < 0.001). The multivariate hazard ratio (HR) for breast cancer death was 2.07 (95% CI 1.17–3.63; p = 0.01) for patients in the highest quartile of serum copper/zinc ratio compared to those in the lowest. There is evidence that the serum zinc level and copper/zinc ratio provide an independent predictive value for overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival after breast cancer diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
15 pages, 613 KiB  
Article
Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (Rubus idaeus): A Comprehensive Analysis
by Mirko Marino, Claudio Gardana, Marco Rendine, Dorothy Klimis-Zacas, Patrizia Riso, Marisa Porrini and Cristian Del Bo’
Foods 2024, 13(7), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13071051 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of consuming red raspberries on human health thanks to their high content of phytochemicals. However, the products used in these studies, both in the raw or freeze-dried form, were not fully characterized for nutrient and phytochemical [...] Read more.
Several studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of consuming red raspberries on human health thanks to their high content of phytochemicals. However, the products used in these studies, both in the raw or freeze-dried form, were not fully characterized for nutrient and phytochemical composition. In this study, we aimed to determine the nutrient and non-nutrient compounds present in a freeze-dried red raspberry powder widely used by the food industry and consumers. The main sugars identified were fructose (12%), glucose (11%), and sucrose (11%). Twelve fatty acids were detected, with linoleic acid (46%), α-linolenic acid (20%), and oleic acid (15%) being the most abundant. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin C was the main hydro-soluble vitamin, while minerals, potassium, phosphorous, copper and magnesium were the most abundant, with concentrations ranging from 9 up to 96 mg/100 g, followed by manganese, iron and zinc, detected in the range 0.1–0.9 mg/100 g. Phytochemical analysis using UHPLC-DAD-HR-MS detection revealed the presence of Sanguiin H6 (0.4%), Lambertianin C (0.05%), and Sanguiin H-10 isomers (0.9%) as the main compounds. Among anthocyanins, the most representative compounds were cyanidin-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside. Our findings can serve as a reliable resource for the food industry, nutraceutical applications and for future investigations in the context of human health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant-Based Food:From Nutritional Value to Health Benefits)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">
13 pages, 3227 KiB  
Article
EnvC Homolog Encoded by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Is Necessary for Cell Division and Virulence
by Michelle M. Pena, Thaisa Z. Martins, Doron Teper, Caio Zamuner, Helen A. Alves, Henrique Ferreira, Nian Wang, Maria Inês T. Ferro and Jesus A. Ferro
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040691 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Peptidoglycan hydrolases are enzymes responsible for breaking the peptidoglycan present in the bacterial cell wall, facilitating cell growth, cell division and peptidoglycan turnover. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus canker, encodes an Escherichia coli M23 peptidase [...] Read more.
Peptidoglycan hydrolases are enzymes responsible for breaking the peptidoglycan present in the bacterial cell wall, facilitating cell growth, cell division and peptidoglycan turnover. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus canker, encodes an Escherichia coli M23 peptidase EnvC homolog. EnvC is a LytM factor essential for cleaving the septal peptidoglycan, thereby facilitating the separation of daughter cells. In this study, the investigation focused on EnvC contribution to the virulence and cell separation of X. citri. It was observed that disruption of the X. citri envC gene (ΔenvC) led to a reduction in virulence. Upon inoculation into leaves of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck), the X. citri ΔenvC exhibited a delayed onset of citrus canker symptoms compared with the wild-type X. citri. Mutant complementation restored the wild-type phenotype. Sub-cellular localization confirmed that X. citri EnvC is a periplasmic protein. Moreover, the X. citri ΔenvC mutant exhibited elongated cells, indicating a defect in cell division. These findings support the role of EnvC in the regulation of cell wall organization, cell division, and they clarify the role of this peptidase in X. citri virulence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Microbe Interactions)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
16 pages, 3397 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Canopy on Nutrient Fluxes through Rainfall Partitioning in a Mixed Broadleaf and Coniferous Forest
by Junhui Yang, Anzhi Wang, Lidu Shen, Guanhua Dai, Yage Liu, Yuan Zhang, Wenli Fei and Jiabing Wu
Forests 2024, 15(4), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040623 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Rainfall constitutes the primary input in the nutrient flux within forest ecosystems. The forest canopy modulates this flux by partitioning rainfall and selectively absorbing or adding nutrients. In mixed forests, variation in tree species composition regulates rainwater chemical composition, potentially leading to spatial [...] Read more.
Rainfall constitutes the primary input in the nutrient flux within forest ecosystems. The forest canopy modulates this flux by partitioning rainfall and selectively absorbing or adding nutrients. In mixed forests, variation in tree species composition regulates rainwater chemical composition, potentially leading to spatial heterogeneity in nutrient distribution and influencing nutrient cycling processes. This study examined the partitioning of rainfall into throughfall and stemflow, as well as their associated nutrient concentrations and fluxes, in a mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest on Changbai Mountain in Northeast China. We observed a rising trend in nutrient contents from rainfall to throughfall and then stemflow. The nutrient contents of stemflow varied largely with tree species due to the differences in canopy structure and bark morphological characteristics. The nutrient input contributed by throughfall and stemflow was 92.30 kg ha−1 during the observation period, and most elements underwent passive leaching through washout except for F and Na+. We note that the nutrient fluxes in stemflow differed among tree species, with Pinus koraiensis (PK) delivering more acid group anions and Quercus mongolica (QM) providing more cations. Our research provides new insights into nutrient cycling within mixed forest canopies, sparking a transformative advancement in forest management and protection strategies through hydrochemistry-driven solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Hydrology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
19 pages, 4750 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Torrential Flood Dynamics: A Comprehensive Study of Spatio-Temporal Patterns in the Šumadija Region, Serbia
by Ana M. Petrovi?, Igor Le??e?en and Ivan Radevski
Water 2024, 16(7), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16070991 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of flood frequency and a spatio-temporal characterization of historical torrential floods in the Šumadija region using water discharge datasets and documented events. A chronology of 344 recorded torrential flood events, spanning from 1929 to 2020, illustrates the [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of flood frequency and a spatio-temporal characterization of historical torrential floods in the Šumadija region using water discharge datasets and documented events. A chronology of 344 recorded torrential flood events, spanning from 1929 to 2020, illustrates the region’s vulnerability, with a death toll exceeding 43. The study defines the intra-annual primary and secondary peaks of torrential flood occurrences and explains their spatial distribution. Furthermore, the identification of suitable probability distribution functions underscores the necessity of tailored approaches for effective flood risk management in this diverse geographical environment. The study employed Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) and goodness-of-fit tests, including the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) and Cramér–von Mises (CvM) tests, to assess the frequency and magnitude of flood events and evaluate diverse distribution functions. The main results include the identification of suitable probability distribution functions for each river within the region, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches in flood risk management. Additionally, discharge values for various return periods offer crucial insights for informed decision-making in flood risk management and infrastructure planning. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
15 pages, 7082 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning Phase Prediction of Light-Weight High-Entropy Alloys Containing Aluminum, Magnesium, and Lithium
by Shenglong Li, Rui Liu, Hongwei Yan, Zhihui Li, Yanan Li, Xiwu Li, Yongan Zhang and Baiqing Xiong
Metals 2024, 14(4), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14040400 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
With the development of society, there is an increasingly urgent demand for light-weight, high-strength, and high-temperature-resistant structural materials. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) owe much of their unusual properties to the selection among three phases: solid solution (SS), intermetallic compound (IM), and mixed SS and [...] Read more.
With the development of society, there is an increasingly urgent demand for light-weight, high-strength, and high-temperature-resistant structural materials. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) owe much of their unusual properties to the selection among three phases: solid solution (SS), intermetallic compound (IM), and mixed SS and IM (SS and IM). Therefore, accurate phase prediction is crucial for guiding the selection of element combinations to form HEAs with desired properties. Light high-entropy alloys (LHEAs), as a significant branch of HEAs, exhibit excellent performance in terms of specific strength. In this study, we employ a machine learning (ML) method to realize the design of light-weight high-entropy alloys based on solid solutions. We determined the Gradient Boosting Classifier model as the best machine learning model through a two-step feature and model selection, in which its accuracy and F1_Score achieve 0.9166 and 0.8923. According to the predicted results, we obtained Al28Li35Mg15Zn10Cu12 LHEAs, which are mainly composed of 90% solid solution. This alloy accords with the prediction results of machine learning. But it is made up of a two-phase solid solution. In order to obtain a light-weight high-entropy alloy dominated by a single solid solution, we designed Al24Li15Mg26Zn9Cu26 LHEAs on the basis of machine learning prediction results accompanied by expert experience. Its main structure includes a single-phase solid solution. Our work provides an alternative approach to the computational design of HEAs and provides a direction for future exploration of light-weight high-entropy alloys. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
20 pages, 1949 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Region-Specific Mitochondrial Functionality Changes in Both Cerebral Hemispheres after fMCAo Model of Ischemic Stroke
by Ksenija Lūcija Bahire, Reinis Ma?uhins, Fiona Bello, Jolanta Upīte, Aleksandrs Makarovs and Baiba Jansone
Antioxidants 2024, 13(4), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040416 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) refers to a secondary brain injury that results in mitochondrial dysfunction of variable extent, leading to neuronal cell damage. The impact of this process has mainly been studied in the short term, from the early hours up to one week [...] Read more.
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) refers to a secondary brain injury that results in mitochondrial dysfunction of variable extent, leading to neuronal cell damage. The impact of this process has mainly been studied in the short term, from the early hours up to one week after blood flow reperfusion, and in the ischemic hemisphere only. The focus of this study was to assess the long-term impacts of I/R on mitochondrial functionality using high-resolution fluorespirometry to evaluate state-dependent activities in both ischemic (ipsilateral) and non-ischemic (contralateral) hemispheres of male mice 60, 90, 120, and 180 days after I/R caused by 60-min-long filament-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (fMCAo). Our results indicate that in cortical tissues, succinate-supported oxygen flux (Complex I&II OXPHOS state) and H2O2 production (Complex II LEAK state) were significantly decreased in the fMCAo (stroke) group ipsilateral hemisphere compared to measurements in the contralateral hemisphere 60 and 90 days after stroke. In hippocampal tissues, during the Complex I&II ET state, mitochondrial respiration was generally lower in the ipsilateral compared to the contralateral hemisphere 90 days following stroke. An aging-dependent impact on mitochondria oxygen consumption following I/R injury was observed 180 days after surgery, wherein Complex I&II activities were lowest in both hemispheres. The obtained results highlight the importance of long-term studies in the field of ischemic stroke, particularly when evaluating mitochondrial bioenergetics in specific brain regions within and between separately affected cerebral hemispheres. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Stroke)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
13 pages, 3938 KiB  
Article
Surface Quality Related to Face Milling Parameters in 3D Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PETG
by Mohamad El Mehtedi, Pasquale Buonadonna, Gabriela Loi, Rayane El Mohtadi, Mauro Carta and Francesco Aymerich
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(4), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040128 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technology holds significant potential for enhancing the flexibility and cost-efficiency of producing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs). However, it faces limitations such as challenges in achieving high surface qualityand precise dimensional accuracy and managing the distinctive anisotropic mechanical properties that it [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional printing technology holds significant potential for enhancing the flexibility and cost-efficiency of producing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs). However, it faces limitations such as challenges in achieving high surface qualityand precise dimensional accuracy and managing the distinctive anisotropic mechanical properties that it demonstrates. This study aims to explore the machinability of 3D printed PETG infused with 20% short carbon fiber and to assess the resulting surface roughness and burr formation. Employing a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach, three factors were considered: rotational speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. These factors were tested at varying levels—rotational speeds of 3000, 5500, and 8000 rpm; feed rates of 400, 600, and 800 mm/min; and depth of cut values of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm. The evaluation of machinability relied on two key response parameters: surface roughness (Sa) determined from the milled surface and burr height measured on both sides using a roughness meter. The findings revealed a significant influence of milling parameters on both roughness and burr formation. However, the ideal conditions for minimizing roughness and reducing burr formation did not align. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was conducted between these results and the machinability of PETG under similar conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Fiber Composites, Volume III)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
11 pages, 1698 KiB  
Article
Intraoral Soft Tissue Lesions in 6-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Regions of Southern Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study
by Eleonor Vélez-León, Alberto Albaladejo, Emilia Guerrero, Ginger Galván and María Melo
Children 2024, 11(4), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040406 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) are conditions of the oral mucosa that cause alterations in their presentation and pain in the affected patient, highlighting their importance for study. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in the Ecuadorian [...] Read more.
Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) are conditions of the oral mucosa that cause alterations in their presentation and pain in the affected patient, highlighting their importance for study. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in the Ecuadorian Austro. Descriptive statistics were used to associate variables, yielding statistically significant findings based on oral lesions, sex, and geographical environment. This study was conducted under the appropriate bioethical permissions. The results obtained correspond to the prevalence of lesions by province. Morona Santiago displays a rate of 17% for abscesses, surpassing the provinces of Azuay (13.50%) and Cañar (10.67%). However, gingivitis for pathology, Azuay stands out with 13.17%, while Cañar and Morona Santiago present 10.50% and 8.33%, respectively. There is also a predominant occurrence of abscesses in rural areas (41.17%) compared to urban ones (26.33%). Regarding sex, girls show a higher percentage of abscesses (41.17%) compared to boys who have a clear tendency to present GUM lesions (22.33%). The data indicates that in the studied provinces, geographical environment and sex are key variables to understand the distribution of oral lesions. These findings encourage us to continue pursuing this type of research, which contributes to improving the quality of life for children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Dentistry)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
20 pages, 4738 KiB  
Article
Trans-Boundary Dust Transport of Dust Storms in Northern China: A Study Utilizing Ground-Based Lidar Network and CALIPSO Satellite
by Zhisheng Zhang, Zhiqiang Kuang, Caixia Yu, Decheng Wu, Qibing Shi, Shuai Zhang, Zhenzhu Wang and Dong Liu
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(7), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071196 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
During 14–16 March 2021, a large-scale dust storm event occurred in the northern region of China, and it was considered the most intense event in the past decade. This study employs observation data for PM2.5 and PM10 from the air quality monitoring station, [...] Read more.
During 14–16 March 2021, a large-scale dust storm event occurred in the northern region of China, and it was considered the most intense event in the past decade. This study employs observation data for PM2.5 and PM10 from the air quality monitoring station, the HYSPLIT model, ground-based polarized Lidar networks, AGRI payload data from Fengyun satellites and CALIPSO satellite Lidar data to jointly explore and scrutinize the three-dimensional spatial and temporal characteristics of aerosol transport. Firstly, by integrating meteorological data for PM2.5 and PM10, the air quality is assessed across six stations within the Lidar network during the dust storm. Secondly, employing a backward trajectory tracking model, the study elucidates sources of dust at the Lidar network sites. Thirdly, deploying a newly devised portable infrared 1064 nm Lidar and a pulsed 532 nm Lidar, a ground-based Lidar observation network is established for vertical probing of transboundary dust transport within the observed region. Finally, by incorporating cloud imagery from Fengyun satellites and CALIPSO satellite Lidar data, this study revealed the classification of dust and the height distribution of dust layers at pertinent sites within the Lidar observation network. The findings affirm that the eastward movement and southward compression of the intensifying Mongolian cyclone led to severe dust storm weather in western and southern Mongolia, as well as Inner Mongolia, further transporting dust into northern, northwestern, and northeastern parts of China. This dust event wielded a substantial impact on a broad expanse in northern China, manifesting in localized dust storms in Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Gansu, and surrounding areas. In essence, the dust emanated from the deserts in Mongolia and northwest China, encompassing both deserts and the Gobi region. The amalgamation of ground-based and spaceborne Lidar observations conclusively establishes that the distribution height of dust in the source region ranged from 3 to 5 km. Influenced by high-pressure systems, the protracted transport of dust over extensive distances prompted a gradual reduction in its distribution height owing to sedimentation. The comprehensive analysis of pertinent research data and information collectively affirms the precision and efficacy of the three-dimensional aerosol monitoring conducted by the ground-based Lidar network within the region. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
25 pages, 1398 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Twenty Selected Fenugreek Genotypes Grown under Irrigated and Dryland Conditions: Morphology, Yield, Quality Properties and Antioxidant Activities
by Mahmut Camlica and Gulsum Yaldiz
Agronomy 2024, 14(4), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040713 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
In this study, 18 fenugreek genotypes and two cultivars were cultivated under irrigated and dryland conditions to determine the morphological, yield, quality, and bioactive properties. The morphological and seed yield values showed differences among the fenugreek genotypes and cultivars. The PI 286532 and [...] Read more.
In this study, 18 fenugreek genotypes and two cultivars were cultivated under irrigated and dryland conditions to determine the morphological, yield, quality, and bioactive properties. The morphological and seed yield values showed differences among the fenugreek genotypes and cultivars. The PI 286532 and PI 639185 genotypes for total alkaloid content and the PI 426973 and PI 572538 genotypes for trigonelline content were prominent under both irrigated and dryland conditions. The PI 215615 and PI 286532 genotypes were found to be rich in fixed oil contents under two growing conditions, while all fenugreek genotypes had high linoleic contents. The PI 568215 and PI 251640 genotypes and the gürarslan cultivar had the highest antioxidant activity compared with the other genotypes. The PI 215615 and PI 302448 genotypes and the gürarslan cultivar were found to be superior with respect to phenolic and flavonoid contents. Generally, the cluster analysis clustered the genotypes into two main groups and two sub-groups. Group B included more than 66% of the genotypes and cultivars. The biplot analysis accounted for over 53% of total variations. As a result of this study, most of the genotypes were found to be high in the examined properties, and these genotypes were good sources of natural components with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Breeding and Genetics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
13 pages, 5523 KiB  
Article
DNA Content in Embryonic Extracellular Vesicles Is Independent of the Apoptotic Rate in Bovine Embryos Produced In Vitro
by Diego Caama?o, Joel Cabezas, Constanza Aguilera, Ioanna Martinez, Yat Sen Wong, Daniela Sanhueza Sagredo, Belén Iba?ez, Sebastián Rodriguez, Fidel Ovidio Castro and Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
Animals 2024, 14(7), 1041; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071041 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Pre-implantation embryos release extracellular vesicles containing different molecules, including DNA. The presence of embryonic DNA in E-EVs released into the culture medium during in vitro embryo production could be useful for genetic diagnosis. However, the vesicles containing DNA might be derived from embryos [...] Read more.
Pre-implantation embryos release extracellular vesicles containing different molecules, including DNA. The presence of embryonic DNA in E-EVs released into the culture medium during in vitro embryo production could be useful for genetic diagnosis. However, the vesicles containing DNA might be derived from embryos suffering from apoptosis, i.e., embryos of bad quality. This work intended to confirm that embryos release DNA that is useful for genotyping by evaluating the effect of embryonic apoptosis on DNA content in E-EVs. Bovine embryos were produced by parthenogenesis and in vitro fertilization (IVF). On Day 5, morulae were transferred to individual cultures in an EV-depleted SOF medium. On Day 7, embryos were used to evaluate cellular apoptosis, and each culture medium was collected to evaluate E-EV concentration, characterization, and DNA quantification. While no effect of the origin of the embryo on the apoptotic rate was found, arrested morulae had a higher apoptotic rate. E-EVs containing DNA were identified in all samples, and the concentration of those vesicles was not affected by the origin or quality of the embryos. However, the concentration of DNA was higher in EVs released by the arrested parthenogenetic embryos. There was a correlation between the concentration of E-EVs, the concentration of DNA-positive E-EVs, and the concentration of DNA. There was no negative effect of apoptotic rate on DNA-positive E-EVs and DNA concentration; however, embryos of the best quality with a low apoptotic rate still released EVs containing DNA. This study confirms that the presence of DNA in E-EVs is independent of embryo quality. Therefore, E-EVs could be used in liquid biopsy for noninvasive genetic diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Reproduction)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
13 pages, 2083 KiB  
Review
Three-Dimensional Structure of Novel Liver Cancer Biomarker Liver Cancer-Specific Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal (LC-SPIK) and Its Performance in Clinical Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
by Felix Lu, Connor Ott, Prabha Bista and Xuanyong Lu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070725 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
LC-SPIK is a liver cancer-specific isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal and has been proposed as a new biomarker for the detection of HCC given its unique 3D structure, which differs from normal pancreatic SPIK. An ELISA technology based on its unique structure [...] Read more.
LC-SPIK is a liver cancer-specific isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal and has been proposed as a new biomarker for the detection of HCC given its unique 3D structure, which differs from normal pancreatic SPIK. An ELISA technology based on its unique structure was developed to use LC-SPIK as an effective biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of HCC. AFP, the most widely used biomarker for HCC surveillance currently, suffers from poor clinical performance, especially in the detection of early-stage HCC. In one case–control study, which included 164 HCC patients and 324 controls, LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.87 compared to only 0.70 for AFP in distinguishing HCC from liver disease controls (cirrhosis, HBV/HCV). LC-SPIK also performed significantly better than AFP for the 81 patients with early-stage HCC (BCLC stage 0 and A), with an AUC of 0.85 compared to only 0.61 for AFP. Cirrhosis is the major risk factor for HCC; about 80% of patients with newly diagnosed HCC have preexisting cirrhosis. LC-SPIK’s clinical performance was also studied in HCC patients with viral and non-viral cirrhosis, including cirrhosis caused by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In a total of 163 viral cirrhosis patients with 93 HCC patients (50 early-stage), LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.85, while AFP had an AUC of 0.70. For patients with early-stage HCC, LC-SPIK had a similar AUC of 0.83, while AFP had an AUC of only 0.60. For 120 patients with nonviral cirrhosis, including 62 HCC (23 early-stage) patients, LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.84, while AFP had an AUC of only 0.72. For the 23 patients with early-stage HCC, LC-SPIK had a similar AUC of 0.83, while the AUC for AFP decreased to 0.65. All these results suggest that LC-SPIK exhibits significantly better performance in the detection of HCC than AFP in all etiologies of liver diseases. In addition, LC-SPIK accurately detected the presence of HCC in 71–91% of HCC patients with false-negative AFP test results in viral-associated HCC and non-viral-associated HCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of Diagnostic Sensitivity for Tumor Markers)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
10 pages, 248 KiB  
Article
Nursing Practice of Airway Care Interventions and Prone Positioning in ICU Patients with COVID-19—A Dutch National Survey
by Andrea A. Esmeijer, Fleur van der Ven, Eveline Koornstra, Laurien Kuipers, Paula van Oosten, Pien Swart, Christel M. Valk, Marcus J. Schultz, Frederique Paulus and Willemke Stilma
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1983; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071983 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Background: Airway care interventions and prone positioning are used in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to improve oxygenation and facilitate mucus removal. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the decision-making process [...] Read more.
Background: Airway care interventions and prone positioning are used in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to improve oxygenation and facilitate mucus removal. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the decision-making process regarding the practice of airway care interventions and prone positioning was challenging. Objective: To provide an overview of the practice of airway care interventions and prone positioning during the second wave of the pandemic in the Netherlands. Method: Web-based survey design. Seventy ICU nurses, each representing one intensive care in the Netherlands, were contacted for participation. Potential items were generated based on a literature search and formulated by a multidisciplinary team. Questions were pilot tested for face and construct validity by four intensive care nurses from four different hospitals. Results: The response rate was 53/77 (69%). This survey revealed widespread use of airway care interventions in the Netherlands in COVID-19 patients, despite questionable benefits. Additionally, prone positioning was used in invasively and non–invasively ventilated patients. Conclusions: The use of airway care interventions and prone positioning is time consuming and comes with the production of waste. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness, workload, and environmental impact of airway care interventions and prone positioning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Care during COVID-19 Pandemic)
13 pages, 4554 KiB  
Article
Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Lignocellulose Nanocrystals of Corncob: Thermal and Mechanical Properties
by Edgar Mauricio Santos-Ventura, Marcos Alfredo Escalante-?lvarez, Rubén González-Nu?ez, Marianelly Esquivel-Alfaro and Belkis Sulbarán-Rangel
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(4), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040125 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Composites based on recycled polypropylene (PP) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals whit lignin corncob were prepared. The effect of the ratio composites prepared via a compression molding process on the mechanical and thermal properties was analyzed. Corncobs is a little-used agroindustrial residue with a [...] Read more.
Composites based on recycled polypropylene (PP) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals whit lignin corncob were prepared. The effect of the ratio composites prepared via a compression molding process on the mechanical and thermal properties was analyzed. Corncobs is a little-used agroindustrial residue with a high cellulose content. The corncob was milled and then delignified via the organosolve process in order to get the cellulose unbleached. An acid hydrolysis process was then carried out to obtain lignocellulose nanocrystals (LCNCs). Subsequently, LCNC/PP composites were obtained via termocompression molding using different concentrations of LCNC (0, 0.5, 1 and 2% by weight) previously mixed via extrusion. The residual lignin present in the LCNCs improved the compatibility between the reinforcement and the PP matrix. This was evidenced by the increase in mechanical properties and the stabilization of thermal properties. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the LCNC increases the tensile and flexural modules and strength with respect to neat PP. Composites with 2% of LCNC showed an increase of 36% and 43% in modulus and tensile strength, respectively, while the flexural modulus and strength increased by 7.6%. By using reinforcements of natural and residual origin (corncob) and improving the properties of recycled polymers, their reuse will increase, and this can lead to reducing waste in the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycled Polymer Composites: Futuristic Sustainable Material)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
15 pages, 8960 KiB  
Article
A Signal-Processing-Based Simulation System for High-End Stereo Headsets
by Anna Zuccante, Alessandro Fiordelmondo, Pierluigi Bontempi and Sergio Canazza
Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2190; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072190 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
In recent years, headphones have become increasingly popular worldwide. There are numerous models on the market today, varying in technical characteristics and offering different listening experiences. This article presents an application for simulating the sound response of specific headphone models by physically wearing [...] Read more.
In recent years, headphones have become increasingly popular worldwide. There are numerous models on the market today, varying in technical characteristics and offering different listening experiences. This article presents an application for simulating the sound response of specific headphone models by physically wearing others. In the future, for example, this application could help to guide people who already own a pair of headphones during the decision-making process of purchasing a new headphone model. However, the potential fields of application are much broader. An in-depth study of digital signal processing was carried out with the implementation of a computational model. Prior to this, an analysis was performed on impulse response measurements of specific headphones, which allowed for a better understanding of the behavior of each set of headphones. Finally, an evaluation of the entire system was conducted through a listening test. The analysis of the results showed that the software works reasonably well in replicating the target headphones. We hope that this work will stimulate further efforts in the same direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Sensor Systems)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
25 pages, 3360 KiB  
Article
Temporal Changes in Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress in Three Salicornia Species
by Hengameh Homayouni, Hooman Razi, Mahmoud Izadi, Abbas Alemzadeh, Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini, Ali Niazi and Oscar Vicente
Plants 2024, 13(7), 979; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13070979 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
Halophytes adapt to salinity using different biochemical response mechanisms. Temporal measurements of biochemical parameters over a period of exposure to salinity may clarify the patterns and kinetics of stress responses in halophytes. This study aimed to evaluate short-term temporal changes in shoot biomass [...] Read more.
Halophytes adapt to salinity using different biochemical response mechanisms. Temporal measurements of biochemical parameters over a period of exposure to salinity may clarify the patterns and kinetics of stress responses in halophytes. This study aimed to evaluate short-term temporal changes in shoot biomass and several biochemical variables, including the contents of photosynthetic pigments, ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine), oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and malondialdehyde), and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase) activities of three halophytic Salicornia species (S. persica, S. europaea, and S. bigelovii) in response to non-saline, moderate (300 mM NaCl), and high (500 mM NaCl) salinity treatments at three sampling times. Salicornia plants showed maximum shoot biomass under moderate salinity conditions. The results indicated that high Na+ accumulation in the shoots, coupled with the relative retention of K+ and Ca2+ under salt stress conditions, contributed significantly to ionic and osmotic balance and salinity tolerance in the tested Salicornia species. Glycine betaine accumulation, both constitutive and salt-induced, also seems to play a crucial role in osmotic adjustment in Salicornia plants subjected to salinity treatments. Salicornia species possess an efficient antioxidant enzyme system that largely relies on the ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase activities to partly counteract salt-induced oxidative stress. The results also revealed that S. persica exhibited higher salinity tolerance than S. europaea and S. bigelovii, as shown by better plant growth under moderate and high salinity. This higher tolerance was associated with higher peroxidase activities and increased glycine betaine and proline accumulation in S. persica. Taking all the data together, this study allowed the identification of the biochemical mechanisms contributing significantly to salinity tolerance of Salicornia through the maintenance of ion and osmotic homeostasis and protection against oxidative stress. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
21 pages, 8259 KiB  
Article
Advance Analysis of the Obtained Recycled Materials from Used Disposable Surgical Masks
by Alen Erjavec, Julija Volmajer Valh, Silvo Hribernik, Tja?a Kra?evac Glaser, Lidija Fras Zemlji?, Toma? Vuherer, Branko Neral and Mihael Brun?ko
Polymers 2024, 16(7), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16070935 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2024
Abstract
The production of personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased dramatically in recent years, not only because of the pandemic, but also because of stricter legislation in the field of Employee Protection. The increasing use of PPE, including disposable surgical masks (DSMs), is putting [...] Read more.
The production of personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased dramatically in recent years, not only because of the pandemic, but also because of stricter legislation in the field of Employee Protection. The increasing use of PPE, including disposable surgical masks (DSMs), is putting additional pressure on waste collectors. For this reason, it is necessary to find high-quality solutions for this type of waste. Mechanical recycling is still the most common type of recycling, but the recyclates are often classified as low-grade materials. For this reason, a detailed analysis of the recyclates is necessary. These data will help us to improve the properties and find the right end application that will increase the value of the materials. This work represents an extended analysis of the recyclates obtained from DSMs, manufactured from different polymers. Using surface and morphology tests, we have gained insights into the distribution of different polymers in polymer blends and their effects on mechanical and surface properties. It was found that the addition of ear loop material to the PP melt makes the material tougher. In the polymer blends obtained, PP and PA 6 form the surface (affects surface properties), while PU and PET are distributed mainly inside the injection-molded samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Composites in Waste Recycling)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">

Open Access Journals

Browse by Indexing Browse by Subject Selected Journals
Back to TopTop
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news